Analysis of the Global Tire Business

Analysis of the Global Tire Business I. Company Analysis 1. Basic Overview The January 2010 issue of Modern Tire Dealer magazine published the 2009 sales data for the global tire industry, and Hankook Tire placed seventh on the list for the fourth consecutive year since 2006. Sales have grown an average of 13.9 percent annually for the past decade, bringing the cumulative rate to 133 percent for the period. More than 70 percent of the revenue is earned outside Korea. 2. Financial Overview Hankook Tire Co. posted improved 2010 earnings year-on-year with its net profit reaching 424.8 billion won ($381 million) last year, up 21.1% from 350.8 billion won a year earlier. The overall global increase has come on the back of â€Å"brisk sales in both domestic and overseas markets.† Sales jumped 19.3% to 3.35 trillion won, and operating profit rose 5.5% to 367.5 billion won. In a separate statement, the company said its consolidated sales, including figures from its overseas operations, reached 5.36 trillion won last year with operating profit coming to 585.8 billion won. According to the annual report the company is targeting 6.06 trillion won in global sales in 2011. 3. Organization Structure Hankook tires organizational structure is matrix structure. Under Global CEO, there are Global Staff (Head quarter by functional Division) and Regional Headquarters (Head quarter by Geographical Division). Both Functional division and Geographical division have the same level of Structure in Global CEO [ Table 1-1 ] Under Global CEO Sourced by Hankook Tires annual report, 2010 Global distribution network consists of four regional headquarters and 80 subsidiaries sales offices and its products are sold worldwide in about 180 countries. 4. SWOT Analysis Strengths Overall, a good financial statement A positive brand recognition on the world market (high quality + low price) A healthy labor-management relations The worlds major tire factory and the proper distribution channels to market demand, building Weaknesses Low investment than expected in the industry (Total asset increase, non-current ratio lower than industry average) RE market is relatively weak compared to the OE market Opportunities Domestic auto demand increases due to tax credited for old vehicles and hybrid vehicles. After the global financial crisis, global tire price competitiveness is getting higher. Chinas tire market increases due to chinas auto market growth Threats From 2009, the prices of natural rubber and synthetic rubber (raw material prices due to the high price elasticity) is rapidly rising II.Industry Business Analysis 1. Industry Environment analysis The global tire market accounted for approximately US $140 billion and 1.25 billion volumes in 2008, according to Research in Tire. While the worldwide tire industry is still largely driven by the well-known multinational companies (in size order); Sales amount of Bridgestone, Michelin and Goodyear are 46% of total sales for top 75 ranked companies (2008 years). Sales portion (of world top 11th to 7th Tire companies) increased to 31% in 2008 compared to 20% in 1998. Its because the subsequent tire companies based on the high growing market such as China, Taiwan, India, and Russia are getting larger. On the other hand, the sales portion of 3 Korean companies in the world market steadily increase in 2010s and have taken 5~6% from 2006 year. Tire Industry has the entry barrier such as huge a capital injection, technology competition, brand establishment, and distribution channel, so it is formed as oligopoly in each nation. But top raking companies has the competitive in major market of North-America and Europe. This market is divided into following basic categories: OE (Original Equipment) which providing to Car manufacturing companies, and RE (Replacement Equipment) which providing to tire distribution. RE market size is 3~4 times bigger than OE market. Compared to OE sales which are affected by the volume of car production, RE has stable consumption market in proportion to the registered number of car and average operating mileage of car. [ Table 2-1 ] World Major Tire Companies 2. Competitor analysis 1) Michelin Strengths 100 years of tradition with the highest international brand awareness and increase reliability, high technology based on more than 10% of homeopathic products are highly priced. Michelin recently after driving it to the driver of a flat tire platform developed by us after a run on the world market has raised more than 2%. By successful overseas, and currently has 57 global offices with two thirds of the total production is done overseas. Weaknesses Michelins new products are released once every two years. This once in six months compared to other companies to launch new products launched at longer intervals tends to slow the market responsive. 2) Kumho Tires Strengths Color tires, aircraft tires, racing tires, passenger tires, truck and bus tires, industrial tires, and a variety of excellent products and sell to the general consumer confidence and job-oriented consumers are demanding. In addition, through the diversification of high-performance products to market is increasing grip. In addition, the current four car race competition among the three has been supplied by Kumho Tire. Weaknesses Car racing is not an active participant in the company as an official support is simple, has done. Also entered the Chinese market early in the shift is not performed correctly, but not localization, market share is very low. 3) Nexen Strengths Based on stable labor-management relations for 3 consecutive years of financial tire manufacturer has the best financial structure. In addition, the price is so competitive. Weaknesses Both low technologies value-added market shares due to the low productivity focused mainly the domestic market. But overseas sales by focusing on profitability are difficult to expect. III. International Business Strategy Analysis 1. Ideal International Business Strategy Analysis Pressure for global integration Globalization of markets: Basic needs of customers are not quite different globally. The convergence of customers for an automobile tire makes tires makers go global. Tire industry has similarities in products, customers, and even operating structures. The objectives of tire makers are mainly how to focus on minimal costs and maximum value. Globalization of production: Standardization of tire drives the globalization of market. Since tire industry is typical the manufacturing industry, it can benefit from economies of scale and cluster effects at specific locations such as Hungary aiming European market. Pressure for local responsiveness Customer divergence: Customer and country divergence are middle due to following reasons. Since a tire is complementary goods of an automobile, a tire market is strongly affected by an automobile market. In developed countries, there is no big pressure for local responsiveness because economic conditions and infra structures for a tire market are quite similar. However, in developing countries such as BRICs the gap between rich and poor are wide and road conditions are very different. It means that Hankook tire has to figure out what the customers want. Host government policies: A tire industry is perfectly related to an automobile industry and many local companies try to enter its home and expand their business. Therefore, host government such as China might be sensitive and hostile to foreign company. Therefore, it might be a good way for Hankook tire to choose Global Strategy or Transnational Strategy. 2. What Hankook Tire did? 5 RD Centers: Korea, U.S.A, Germany, China, Japan 5 Factories: Korea (2 factories), China (2 factories), Hungary 4 Regional headquarters and 80 subsidiaries Sales office Sold its products to 164 countries Hankook Tire is steadily improving its image as a premium brand through  aggressive global marketing and continuous research and development efforts. 3. Hankook Tires entry to other countries Internationalization Phase and Entering Countries 1) Beginning phase (1981-1998) Established Hankook Tire America Corporation (1981) Established its Beijing branch in China (1994) Established Europe Technical Center (ETC) (1996) Established China Technical Center (CTC) (1998) 2) Expansion phase (1999-present) Completed Jiangsu and Jiaxing Plant in China (1999) Opened Europe Distribution Center (EDC) in the Netherlands(2001) Hungary Plant begins production (2007) 100 millionth tire produced in China (2007) Detailed information by main countries 1) China A. Objectives of Internalization To create demand in the fast growing market with high infinite potential Expand its tire business in China with increasing automobile industry B. Consideration for Site Selection Economic: Continuous double digit growth. Explosion of middle-high income consumers Social/Political: Communist country geared toward open policy. Easy to enter due to its similarity to Korea in terms of social, cultural and geographical aspect Tire Industry: World largest tire manufacturing company (over 337 million yearly, *source -Tire Business), World highest growth rate on domestic market sales C. Entry Mode Founded Beijing branch in 1994 and exported Establishment of Joint-Venture with Chinese Company which is located in Jiangsu and had a good relationship with them Established China Technical Center in 1998 and completed Jiangsu and Jiaxing plant in 1999 Expansion of distribution channel in 10 major cities Roll-out of TStation one-stop auto service concept in Shanghai in 2007 Operating 40 TStations and 400 Tire Towns in China D. Outcome Recorded 20% of market share which is 1st in China and 1.4 trillion won of sales revenue in 2010 Supplied its products to more than 30 automobile companies in Chinese market such as Volkswagen, PEUGEOT, Ford and NISSAN [ Table 3-1 ] Hook Tires ability of production and plan for expansion Home Abroad Total Plan for expansion 4,300 China: 2,800 7,600 Build additional factories in Hungary (+500) Hungary: 500 Establish 3th factory in China and 1st one in Indonesia Making a plan to produce 110 million a year until 2014 Sourced by Hankook tires IR 2) Hungary A. Objectives of Internalization Cost Reduction for Distribution and Manufacturing Hungary is a good place for first foray before expanding its entry into Western Europe countries B. Consideration for Site Selection Economic: Risk minimization of current exchange rate among EU countries Social/Political: Reduction of possible trading disputes and not imposing antidumping tariffs among EU countries Tire Industry: Europe is taking 30% of world tire market C. Entry mode Established of Europe Technical Center in 1996 and began Hungary Plant in 2007 Decided to build additional two more factories in 2010 to be able to manufacture 12 million per year 4. Evaluation and key learning from previous case The tire industry is multinational in nature; therefore, production plants are situated in virtually every geographic region, particularly in North America, Europe, Japan, other Asian countries. Strategic supplies of natural rubber integral to the production of certain OTR tires are situated near the equator in many of the Asian countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, India, and China. Large global tire plants in many regions of the world have the capability to produce a variety of tires including passenger car, truck and bus, and certain OTR tires, variably dependent upon logistics, demand, and affiliation. In this competitive industry, Most of Hankook tires international business turned out to be sustainable. Especially, the success in Chinese market is meaningful in respect of Hankook tire has been leading other competitors with high quality strategy operating Tire Town and differentiation strategy managing premium store TStation. The next step was to expand its market to Europe, America, and other countries. To be successful in these new markets as they did in China, Hankook tire should analyze the target market thoroughly and implement appropriate strategies optimized to each market. IV. Companys TO-BE Analysis 1. Should Hankook Tire really go to global market? As shown above, Hankook Tire has been tried to expand their business to global for a long time and seems to place good position in China market. With the effort, the company shows possibility to be a global big player with competitiveness. Thus, they need to keep their global strategy and to expand global business further. Before the expansion, however, Hankook Tire should scrutinize below questions. What are the core competitive points of Hankook Tire? What were the key success factors of Hankook Tire for China market? Is the success factors are applicable to other markets such as Europe and America? 2. Does Hankook Tire still have the chance globally? Most of all, the critical success factor of globalization of Hankook Tire is successful penetration into China market based on competitive price with better quality, preoccupancy, and well-established brand value. Tire industry has been threatened sharp rising of the price of raw materials and it results short-term shortfall of profitability. Global top-tier players are suffering from the situation of increasing price of natural rubber under lower demand of tires and do not show sufficient capacity to prepare for business recovery. Whereas, Hankook Tire maintains relatively higher profitability than other global top-tier competitors and it may give good opportunity for the company to be grown by ‘survivor effect. Moreover, the good profit structure makes Hankook Tire offer good suggestion to dealers. There is no doubt that it is the right time for Hankook 3. Our suggestions Hankook Tire ranked 1st place of PCR (passenger car radials) with 30% market share in China, which is one of the biggest potentials, and marked 7th in worldwide tire market. However, strong global competitors are continuously expanding their investments in China market and thus the competition is getting much fiercer. Furthermore, the price of raw materials is going up and it does deteriorate the operation profit. Therefore, we would like to suggest three strategic pillars for Hankook tire to acquire competitive edge of global competition and to explore new chance for the growth as below. 1) Reinforcement of the leadership in Emerging market focusing on China Aggressive penetration and expansion strategy of Hankook Tire for emerging markets is most appropriate to broaden the gap with following competitors at this point. Enhance competitiveness in Original Equipment (OE) tire market through strategic alliance with one of the big automobile companies such as Hyundai-Kia motors which is the 2nd player of China automobile industry. Preoccupy upcoming explosive market of Replacement Equipment (RE) tire through technology driven, value added products such as UHP(Ultra High Performance) Expand T station business, a new distribution channel which makes high profitability through direct sales to consumer, provides highly qualified service and image, and enables CRM. Develop localized tire products considering Chinese specific culture, weather, and economics. For example, customized tires for reckless driving and overloading vehicles. Diversify product portfolio from tires for PCR to bus, truck, and light trucks. 2) Expansion of growth opportunity in Developed market such as America US market registered cars are 250 million and among this newly producing car only shares 13 millions. It is the biggest RE tire market preferring premium brands. Hankook Tire started to export 1986 and 2010 sales revenue reached US$ 1billion. Market share of Korean tire companies in US market gradually increased from 2.5% in 2000 to 8.9% in 2009. It is primarily driven by increased preference to Korean brands of US dealers. Korean brands demonstrate significant higher market shares than wholesalers distribution rate and it provides the dealers higher profit. Moreover, top-tier players still maintain oligopoly but decrepit facilities and inefficient cost structure let disappear advantages of local production. Closing of the factories decreases capability of production in US and thus the amount of export tends to increase continuously. Lastly, as US government adopted a protectionist stance as evidenced by the imposition of an additional 35% safeguard tariff on Chinese-made tires, Hank ook Tire should handle the rapidly changing business environment with appropriate countermeasures at the right time. To leverage the above opportunities, we would suggest expanding the business with premium tires based on local production and efficient supply chain management (SCM), getting competitive edge in North and South American area. Build a new factory in Mexico and produce two separate line products; Mexico has several advantages as supplying headquarter for North and South America: Free trade with US, lowest labor cost among North America countries, and geographic advantage for effective supply between North and South America. Two separate line products may satisfy different needs of the customers: technology-driven, premium tires for North America and cost effective, low price tire for South America. Accelerate market penetration taking advantage of relatively high profitability. Hankook Tire should expand Original Equipment (OE) tire sales and distribution channels because OE lasts averagely five years before replacement and around half have a tendency to keep their original brand in the timing of replacement. If Hankook Tire has an advantage on production of functional OE tires or distribution with aggressive investment under depressed tire market, allied with major automobile companies such as Ford which already established cooperation, it would be good chance to make a new leap forward as one of the big global players in tire industry. 3) International business management for long-term competitiveness For the long-term success of global business for Hankook Tire, our team suggests that high global efficiency and high local responsiveness be needed as strategic alternatives for international strategy Achieve economies of scale on the long term point of view. Due to the nature of the tire industry, the economies of scale with high foreign investment with extensive coordination would be effective way to strengthen the long-term competitiveness. Secure global scale efficiency through the localization Since 2009, Hungarian plant has achieved to save the short-term logistic costs and shorten the delivery period from 2-3 weeks to 2-3 days. And also enhanced market recognition in Europe. This is good example to have raised the market share through the localization. To build the next-planed Indonesia and China plant may helpful to strengthen long term competitiveness. Decentralization Strategy by ongoing training program for local people. Trained local people could take the initiative to enhance not only the production efficiency and quality but also the sales. Thus, training program for local makes to strengthen the long term competitiveness

Life Defined by a Single Moment in Scarlet Letter, Red Badge of Courage

A Life Defined by a Single Moment in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, Stephen Crane's Red Badge of Courage, and  Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment    Life can be changed by a decision made during a single moment. Despite the natural gifts of courage or intelligence of a person, a single mistake can isolate him from the rest of society. In one case this can be cause by public conception. The public believes that this person is morally inferior and singles out that person for ridicule. However, it can also be self-imposed isolation. Either way, that person cannot rejoin his society until he has redeemed himself. In Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, both kinds of moral isolation are examined. Hester Prynne is placed in the public's scorn for her adulterous act. The scarlet "A" that she is forced to wear as a penance ensures that no one, especially Hester herself, will forget what she did. Through the public's condemnation of her act, Hester eventually finds her salvation and purges herself of guilt. She becomes a stronger person because of this new understanding and gains the community's respect for her charity. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, does not face his sin publicly until ... ...no matter how intelligent or "extraordinary," can go their entire lives without making a bad decision. In order for them to return morally to the other members of their society, their redemption must contain certain factors. First, it is not necessary for a confession to be public unless the transgressor believes that it is a requirement for forgiveness. Then the person must believe that the redeeming act is equal to the mistake and that he is cleared of guilt. After he forgives himself, he is no longer morally isolated and returns to society whether or not the society has forgiven him.   

The positive social effects and negative social and physical effects of alcohol

This essay will review both the positive social effects and negative social and physical effects of alcohol. The debate over alcohol consumption in communities around the world has existed as long as there has been alcohol to drink. Alcohol has improved social functions; community economics through tourism and business and in moderation can enhance many situations in society. Alcohol has been one of the main problems of today’s generation. By contrast if over indulged and abused the same product can also harm societies, families, communities and do physical harm.Do people have drinking problems? Does a person love drinking? How does it make a person feel; good, bad, hyperactive, happy or sad? Are people addicted to drinking? Do people think that drinking is good or bad and what are the benefits of it? Alcohol has played an important role in our lives. Many people and especially teenagers drink a lot. They go to parties with their friends just to drink. They do not know what ar e its benefits and causes they are just going to drink and that drinking makes them feel good and look unique in front of their friends.They drink alcohol as if they are smoking cigarettes. In this essay I shall explain what the positives and negatives points are and also explain how alcohol is affecting our lives and the society. â€Å"Alcohol has played an important role in religion and adulation. Alcohol is a product that has provided a variety of functions for people. Historically, alcoholic beverages have served as sources of needed nutrients and have been widely used for their medicinal, antiseptic, and analgesic properties.The role of such beverages as thirst quenchers is obvious and they play an important role in enhancing the enjoyment and quality of life (David J. n. d. )†. Alcohol can facilitate relaxation, provide pleasure, enjoyment and increase the pleasure of eating and drinking. Alcohol has proven to be beneficial in several society settings. While drinking al cohol many people find it bringing enjoyment especially when drinking and dancing. Alcohol brings enjoyment, relaxing moments, hyperactive, and drinkers sometimes feel a little less than in control while drinking.By comparison some of the negative effects caused by alcohol is a person inability to control the amount a person drinking after starting, a person may have little if no control over the quantity a person drink, no matter how much a person try to limit a themselves from drinking it won’t happen. When a person tries to stop drinking some symptoms may occur to that person’s body after repeated exposure, these may include: racing heart, sweating, lack of proper sleep, inability to drive, anxiety, nausea and more dangerous problems.A person can put a person themselves in dangerous situation when a person drinks a lot this situation such as drinking and driving. Some people develop a lack of social ethics while drinking that their friends find it hard to tolerant. A person may can blackout and have a very bad hangover when a person drink a lot. Hangovers can cause a person to stop working, not concentrate on what a person have and should do. Drinking early or alone can also cause problems because there won’t be anyone to help that person should they falls ill. These are some other negative effects that drinking can lead to (About. om 2013). Underage boys and girls nowadays go out drinking with their friends but most of these children don’t know what problems can cause them later on if they get caught. In some countries in their laws drinking is not acceptable unless a person 21+, because at that age a person are mature enough to understand the causes of drinking and what problems it can lead a person to. For example in the United Arab Emirates, drinking is only acceptable to those who are 21+ and if a person get caught drinking a person get to go to jail and have problems with the law.Many children are arrested each year in the UAE on drinking infractions, 15 years old boys caught drinking in public parks and beaches along the Cornish, caught try to get into bars and drink and their lack of social considerations prevail and they are caught because think that drinking is good for their age and that they want to live their lives as adults. Children with this age do not understand the lasting effects alcohol can cause. The body of a 15 year old teenager cannot tolerate alcohol because it’s very strong and it can cause the stomach problems, blackout, hangovers and many other future mental and physical problems.In other countries it not against the law such as Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and many others it’s not against the law even if a teenager goes in to a bar to drink its fine they won’t have any problems because it is not against the laws. Some countries it’s against the laws and religion. â€Å"In many Muslim countries, including Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan, a recent study by The Economist shows that alcohol might be an increasingly strong foe. Alcohol sales in the Middle East grew 72 percent between 2001 and 2011, despite the beverage being forbidden in Islam.While some Muslim scholars permit alcohol provided it is not made from grapes or dates, as those are specifically mentioned in the Quran, most do not. Many Muslims countries permit alcohol intake by tourists and non-Muslims, some countries make it legal for everyone and others enforce severe punishments; in Iran, for example, the sentence for Muslims caught imbibing is 80 lashes (Nuqudy 2012)†. These countries such as Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan drinking is against the laws and against the religion and its forbidden to drink alcohol and if anyone does they will be punished by the law.The question here was asked should Islam become more tolerant to alcohol. Well this quote explains the question; â€Å"The religion of Islam has long recognized the difference between the  "ideal† and the â€Å"reality†. The â€Å"ideal† is represented in the religious teachings in the Qur’an and the exemplary life of Muhammad (Sunna). The â€Å"reality† is the everyday life of countless Muslims over the last fourteen centuries who met the â€Å"ideal† to a greater or lesser degree, or not at all. There is no â€Å"original sin† in Islam and human beings fail to reach the â€Å"ideal† because of weakness and forgetfulness of Allah (God).Muslims, therefore, as per the examples cited in The Economist's article may well have consumed alcohol down through the centuries and may continue to do so in contemporary Muslim societies but this has nothing whatsoever to do with Islam, other than the fact that are engaged in a haram (forbidden) activity (Fairobserver 2013)†. Some countries follow only the law, rules and regulations and some countries follow their religion before there rules and regulations. However in all the countries drinking is forbidden in Ramadan and who is caught drinking in Ramadan will be punished by the laws of the country.In Quran it’s written â€Å"in surah 2, verse 219 of the Quran, it is stated that alcohol, like gambling, can have certain benefits, but â€Å"their sin is greater than their benefit. † In surah 5, verses 90 and 91, drinking is again linked with gambling, and the passages state that Satan uses intoxicants to instill hatred between people and distract them from remembering God. Surah 4, verse 43 also states that it is forbidden to pray while intoxicated (Michael Brenner n. d. ). † In this part it clearly explains that their sins with be greater than their benefits and that drinking is against the religion and linking with gambling. Scientific arguments for prohibition include the links between alcohol abuse and liver disease, cancer and numerous other health problems. The social arguments include the lowering of inhibitions and all the problems that come with it such as domestic violence, the spread of disease and crime (Michael Brenner n. d. )†. As we have said in the paragraph above that Alcohol is illegal in more religiously conformist Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Iran, but it is legal in other Muslim-majority countries such as Lebanon, Egypt and Turkey.However, There are also benefits for women and men who devour a huge amount of alcohol which can include the following: â€Å"Lowers the risk of developing stomach ulcers, because alcohol may destroy Helicobacter pylori infection which causes ulcers, reduces the risk of a female developing heart disease, and leg pains, alcohol raises HDL (good) cholesterol levels which prevents plaques from forming and causing blood clots, possible bone protection, silicon which is found in beer, is associated with an improvement of bone density in males and females, lowers the risk of gallstones, reduces the risk of age-related cognitive decline a nd can reduce plaque build-ups which can lead to Alzheimer’s disease, reduces the risk of diabetes, lowers the risk of stroke, and reduces the risk of dying from a heart attack (Fenton 2009)†. These are great benefits of drinking for those women and men who consume larger amounts of alcohol. However drinking for old women and men can cause many bad consequences such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure, high blood pressure and many other problems can be caused for heavy drinkers in this age. â€Å"Over the past ten years, liquor sales in the Middle East have shot up 72% compared to the average global rise of 30%.Statistics indicate a surprising but clear spike in alcohol consumption in the Muslim-dominated region. Between 2001 and 2011, liquor sales there shot up 72%, according to London-based market research company IWSR. This is an astonishing surge, considering that the average global rise during the same period was 30%. Sample these figures: In Abu Dhabi, liquor sales are growing 28% a year, according to the Financial Times (FT). An increase in alcohol purchases has also been noted in Qatar and Lebanon, not to mention ‘party central’ Dubai, which has comfortably returned to its pre-recession annual sales growth of 26%. Sales at the Dubai Airport alone, reports FT, touched a record $1. 4 billion in 2010 (Thomas White 2012)†. The United Arab Emirates, which includes â€Å"party capital of the Arabian Peninsula† Dubai, is returning to its 2006-2008 trend of 26 percent annual growth in booze sales, which dropped off during the 2009 recession. In Emirate city Abu Dhabi, sales are â€Å"growing at 28 per cent a year. † Dubai's airport alone registered a record $1. 4 billion in 2010 sales. Alcohol industry pros also project increases in Qatar and Lebanon. Karr also notes that much of the liquor imported to the Middle East ends up moving to black markets in countries where it is banned. â€Å"Industry insiders esti mate that more than a half of the alcohol sold to traders in these emirates ends up being smuggled into Saudi Arabia and elsewhere. In Saudi Arabia, a â€Å"standard bottle of whiskey† can go for $150. Still, that's better than China, where producers ask up to $2,700 for a fancy bottle of Scotch (Fisher 2011)†. If we count the millions or billions that these countries make out of drinking it won’t be enough because alcohol has become one of the very huge businesses that people can actually work on it and they will get money and be very rich. In Dubai some people deliver alcohol to homes, just call them anytime and tell them what drinks a person want, when and where and they shall delivers it to a person’s home. Rather than going to drink outside and paying more just call these people who deliver drinks and a person will get them on time.Other problems are students drinking alcohol before going to university and some actually drink in university which is a bad behavior and it is a huge problem because these students have no idea what they are causing themselves in many problems. â€Å"The call to consider reducing the legal drinking age from 21 to 18 could spur some valuable discussion, but alone won't solve the college student alcohol problem, According to University Dean of the IU School of Education Gerardo Gonzalez, an internationally recognized expert on alcohol and drug education. More than 100 college and university chancellors and presidents have signed a public statement stating that the current legal drinking age of 21 hasn't worked (NewInfo 2008)†.Teenagers and many boys and girls drink a lot and they think this will make them feel better but it won’t make them feel better forever. Alcohol has become one of the biggest successful businesses all over the world because people will never stop drinking, no matter how much a person does and how many laws there are in place. Drinking is illegal and forbidden in many countries due to the laws and religion and that each country and place differs from one another. In closing and to sum up this essay, the use of alcohol to enhance personal enjoyment and as a method of increasing community revenues make the age old custom of consumption traditionally and fundamentally accepted in many different societies.As such the debate over the use and misuse of alcohol has continued as has it’s stigma as both a sign of maturity and a problem for many sectors of society. Alcohol has effects the society and has affected us in many different ways. This paper has helped establish some of the many arguments for and against the consumption of alcohol; it is up to the reader to determine which side of the argument to champion. Bibliography About. com. 2013. http://adam. about. net/reports/Alcoholism. htm. David J. , Hanson, Ph. D. Alcohol Problems and Solutions. http://www2. potsdam. edu/hansondj/Controversies/1114796842. html. Fairobserver. 2013. http://www. fairobserver. com/article/should-islam-become-more-tolerant-alcohol. Fenton, Dana. Steady Health.December 18, 2009. http://www. steadyhealth. com/articles/Pros_and_Cons_of_Alcohol_Consumption_a1111. html. Fisher, Max. The Atlantic Wire. January 3, 2011. http://www. theatlanticwire. com/global/2011/01/why-are-middle-east-booze-sales-booming/18095/. Michael Brenner, Demand Media. Opposing Views. http://people. opposingviews. com/drinking-islam-3163. html. NewInfo. August 21, 2008. http://newsinfo. iu. edu/news/page/normal/8692. html. Nuqudy. August 19, 2012. http://english. nuqudy. com/Levant/Alcohol_Sales_Incre-2878. Thomas White. September 14, 2012. http://www. thomaswhite. com/explore-the-world/Postcard/2012/middle-east-alcohol-consumption. aspx.

The Rights Of Voting And The Fourteenth Amendment

When the Supreme Court intervened in the case of Bush v. Gore, they violated the Equal Protection Clause and changed the way we look at democracy.] There is presumably no other case that better paints a picture of the injustice the Supreme Court caused during the 2000 presidential election. Voting in America has developed throughout history. Originally, the Constitution did not specifically define who had the right to vote until the 14th and 15th Amendment in which specified, â€Å"the right of citizens of the United States to vote.† The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to â€Å"all persons born or naturalized in the United states,† including all African Americans. It also refuses to â€Å"deny to any person within its jurisdiction on the equal†¦show more content†¦The law in Florida declares that for counties to approve their election entries has to be submitted within a week of the election. So long as the counties could justify why their entries were late , they could be accepted. On the deadline of November 14, only Volusia had finished their manual recount while the other counties remained working. Each county presented justified reasonings as to why they were late given the circumstances, though Katherine Harris, the Florida Secretary of State declared none of the written statements justified being late. On November 18th, 2000 Harris announced George Bush as the winner in the state of Florida. Various court decisions had been made about the Presidential Election in Florida, and the Florida Supreme Court 4-3 demanded a statewide recount. On December 9th, 2000 the United States Supreme Court voted a 5-4 stay on the Florida recount. The Supreme Court violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, stating â€Å"Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors..† (Article II,  § 1, clause 2) The Equal Protection Clause requires that voting rights will no t be infringed by protecting the act of voting or with unfair and unequal treatment after the votes have been cast. Because of this, the court felt the 14th Amendment was being violated when their was no structural way to determine voting decisions on a ballot. The Supreme Court stated it would be impossibleShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifthteenth Amendendments1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments of The United States Constitution were important for implementing a total reconstruction of America and the blessings of of liberty to everyone that lived within the borders or our country. 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Opponents of fe lon voting say the restrictions are consistent with other voting limitations such as age, residencyRead MoreChallenges Of Radical Reconstruction748 Words   |  3 Pagesequality, provide for their civil and political rights, such as voting, and provide suitable land they could own. This period after the Civil War would become known as Radical Reconstruction. During the Radical Reconstruction era, 1865 to 1877 and after, numerous forces prevented the federal government from delivering freedom and equality to African Americans. Even though Radical Reconstructionist sought for the civil, political, and land ownership rights for freed African American slaves, they wereRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights851 Words   |  4 Pagesliberties and civil rights are very commonly used statements, which can be carelessly misused. Both statements are similar to some degree, but do hold different meanings. 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