Eulogy -Robert Frost

Robert Frost Robert Frost once debated whether the world ended in fire, or ice. It is a sad thought that the world will end without him; that the future generations will be privy to such events made for people like Robert. He was an inspirational, American poet who questioned the very core of our beliefs, he chose paths that few had took, and that is why today he is remembered today. Robert Frost was born in San Francisco on March 26, 1874.His family moved to New England when he was eleven; he became interested in reading and writing poetry during his high school years in Lawrence, Massachusetts. He earned his formal degree at the arguably the most prestigious University, Harvard. He later worked through various occupations, ranging from teacher to editor of the Lawrence Sentinel. His first professional poem, â€Å"My Butterfly†, was published on November 8, 1894, in The Independent newspaper.In a 1970 review of The Poetry of Robert Frost, the poet Daniel Hoffman describes Fro st's early work as â€Å"the Puritan ethic turned astonishingly lyrical and enabled to say out loud the sources of its own delight in the world,† and comments on Frost's career as The American Bard: â€Å"He became a national celebrity, our nearly official Poet Laureate, and a great performer in the tradition of that earlier master of the literary vernacular, Mark Twain. † About Frost, President John F. Kennedy said, â€Å"He has bequeathed his nation a body of imperishable verse from which Americans will forever gain joy and understanding. Though his work is predominantly associated with the life and scenery of New England, and though he was a poet of traditional verse forms and metrics who remained unfalteringly detached from the poetic movements and fashions of his time, Frost is anything but a merely regional or minor poet. The author of searching and often dark meditations on universal themes he is essentially a modern poet who spoke truthfully in all that encomp asses, his work inspired psychological battles inside ourselves, his works were fused with layers of obscurity and irony.Robert Frost lived and taught for many years in Massachusetts and Vermont, and died in Boston on January 29, 1963. Two poems that debatably epitomize what Robert Frost stood for, what he believed in, how he opened the minds of many people to what is; These two poems are ‘fire and ice’, and ‘the road not taken’. The short poem ‘fire and ice’, outlines the familiar question about the destiny of the end of world, wondering if it is more likely to be devastated by fire or ice. People are on both sides of the debate, and Frost introduces the narrator to provide his personal take on the question of the end of the world.The narrator first determines that the world must end in fire after bearing in mind his personal experiences with desire and passion, the emotions of fire. Yet, after considering his experience with â€Å"ice,† or hatred, the narrator acknowledges that ice would be equally destructive. A reading will now be done of the poem: Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice.Only nine lines, this miniature poem is a vivid example of Frost’s concisely ironic literary style. The poem varies between two meter lengths (either eight syllables or four syllables) and uses three collections of interwoven rhymes, based on â€Å"-ire,† â€Å"-ice,† and â€Å"-ate. † In the first two lines of the poem, Frost creates a clear dichotomy between fire and ice and the two groups of people that believe in each element. By using the term â€Å"some† instead of â€Å"I† or â€Å"an individual,† Frost emphasizes that the distinction between the two elements is a univers al truth, not just an idea promoted by an individual.In addition to the unavoidable contradiction between fire and ice, these first lines also outline the prerogative that the world will end as a direct result of one of these elements. It is made unclear which element will lead to the destruction of the world, but it is noteworthy to know that these are the only two options given. The poem does not allow for any other possibilities in terms of the world’s fate, just as there are not any other opinions allowed in the black-and-white debate between fire and ice.Remarkably, the two prospects for the world’s destruction correspond directly to a common scientific debate during the time Frost wrote the poem. Much like this poem, scientists also debated the eventual end to the Earth, on one side; some believed the Earth will be destroyed by the burning magma core, incinerating the Earth to nothing, while others believed that a new Ice Age would wither all livings things on th e earth’s surface. Instead of preserving a strictly scientific perspective on this debate, Frost introduces a more emotional side, associating passionate desire with fire and hatred with ice.Within this metaphorical view of the two elements, the â€Å"world† can be recognized as a metaphor for and consequently foregrounding to the audience, a relationship. Too much fire and passion can quickly consume a relationship, while cold indifference and hate can be equally destructive Although the first two lines of the poem insist that there can only be a single choice between fire and ice, the narrator further details that a combination or a concurring sequence of both elements would destroy the Earth.Furthermore, the fact that he has had personal experience with both (in the form of desire and hate) reveals that fire and ice are not mutually exclusive, as the first two lines of the poem assert. In fact, though the narrator first concludes that the world will end in fire, he ultimately admits that the world could just as easily end in ice; fire and ice, it seems, are strikingly similar. This further highlights what Frost believes in relationships. That, although a concentration of one emotion, passion or hatred can be destructive he poses that one cannot be without both of them existing.The second poem analysed will be ‘The road not taken’. The narrator comes upon a fork in the road while walking through a yellow wood. He considers both paths and concludes that each one is equally well-travelled and appealing. After choosing a path, the narrator when he will come back to the fork to choose the different path, he later realises this will possibly never happen but that he will only come to new forks (new decisions), his mind then ponders on how different his life would have been if he chose the different path, a reading will now be done.Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood An d looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less travelled by, And that has made all the difference. This poem is made up of four stanzas of five lines, each with a rhyme scheme of ABAAB. This poem is one of Frost’s most adored works and is used many times in English studies. Since its publication, many readers have analysed the poem as a nostalgic observation on life choices. The narrator decided to seize the day and express himself as an individual by choosi ng the road that was â€Å"less travelled by. As a result of this decision, the narrator claims that his life was essentially different, that it would have been had he chosen the well-travelled path. This reading of the poem is tremendously popular because every reader can commiserate with the narrator’s decision: having to choose between two paths without having any knowledge of where each road will lead. Moreover, the narrator’s decision to choose the â€Å"less travelled† path demonstrates his courage. Rather than taking the safe path that others have travelled, the narrator prefers to make his own way in the world.However, when we look closer at the text of the poem, it becomes clear that such an idealistic analysis is largely inaccurate. The narrator only distinguishes the paths from one another after he has already selected one and travelled many years through life. When he first comes upon the fork in the road, the paths are described as being fundamenta lly identical. In terms of beauty, both paths are equally â€Å"fair,† and the overall â€Å"†¦passing there / Had worn them really about the same. † It is only as an old man that the narrator looks back on his life and decides to place such importance on this particular decision in his life.During the first three stanzas, the narrator shows no sense of remorse for his decision nor might any acknowledgement that such a decision be important to his life. Yet, as an old man, the narrator attempts to give a sense of order to his past and perhaps explain why certain things happened to him. Of course, the excuse that he took the road â€Å"less travelled by† is false, but the narrator still clings to this decision as a defining moment of his life, not only because of the path that he chose but because he had to make a choice in the first place.So now, we will remember American poet, Robert Frost for his ingenious input into such universal truths and how such kno wledge can be extracted from his points of view. He is now gone from this Earth, but let us remember him, for his works, for inspiring us to take the road less taken when we come to our own cross roads, to temper our relationships with fire and ice. With these works, dear Robert has left us with enough knowledge and understanding to replace the hole that he has made.

Love at First Sight, Is There Such a Thing Essay

What is common among the Hunger Games, Romeo and Juliet, Pokemon, 500 Days of Summer and The Vampire Diaries? They all have the trope of â€Å"love at first sight†Ã¢â‚¬â€Peeta instantly fell in love with Katniss when he heard her sing on the first day of school; Romeo fell in love with Juliet the first time he saw her; Brock fell in love with every pretty girl he saw; Tom fell in love with Summer at first sight in the office; and Stefan also had love at first sight with Elena. Love at first sight is the most widely used trope in literature and film. It is so common that most people mistake it as a reality. Why do I think that love at first sight is fictional? â€Å"Love is to be delighted by the happiness of another,† said Gottfried Leibniz. If what he said is true, then love at first sight is not really love. You can’t know the happiness of a person in an instant; you’ll have to be psychic to do that. To discover an individual’s happiness, one has to get to know him/her more. This can be achieved by spending time with that person—listening and understanding him/her. Another reason why love at first sight is fictional is infatuation. Love at first sight is just infatuation. Infatuation is not love because it is mere attraction and admiration while love is committing oneself to another because he/she cares for the other. Therefore, love at first sight is not love. Although it is not love, infatuation is inevitable when it comes to love relationships, because it gives you the courage to get to know someone, confess your feelings and move on to the â€Å"next level. † Even so, it does not guarantee love. It just gives it a â€Å"push. † There may be instances when people get infatuated with each other at first sight, then end up falling in love. This situation, according to them, is love at first sight. I think not. I think these instances are what you call infatuation that progressed into love. And these encounters don’t happen often. They are very rare. There is a bigger chance of you being infatuated, but as you get to know that person, you realize that he/she is not who you thought he/she was. We get infatuated all the time—when we see super good looking celebrities, appetizing foods, and such—but love, it only happens once, and it doesn’t happen in a blink of an eye, it develops. In the end, I think that love at first sight is not truly love, but infatuation. I find it so because, again, you can’t know someone’s happiness just by the mere sight of him. So, you can’t be delighted by his happiness. Although I believe that there is an innate romanticism attached to the thought of meeting someone, and having them hit enough emotional triggers immediately at first sight, I don’t think that it is love. It is infatuation—the first step towards love which can grow into a more mature love.

We All Fall Down – Plus Related Text

Nelson Mandela, Former South African President, said â€Å"After climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb† a journey is full of obstacles, Mandela believed this on his quest to unify the South African people whether they were black or white, he aimed to make them one. For a journey to be effective, they require self-belief and perseverance, when you fall down you have to get back up, and the most important thing that will inspire and influence a change is the reflection one undergoes once it has come to an end.Robert Cormier author of We All Fall Down, Clint Eastwood, director of Invictus and Rosemary Dobson, the poet behind Folding the Sheets all relate their pieces of work to a journey directly or indirectly. In Robert Cormier’s We All Fall Down he uses character development to express a journey. Two key journeys that are represented are the ones in which relate to Buddy Walker and Harry Flowers. Buddy has a problem with alcoholism and his dysfunctional family due to his father walking out on them.Harry is a manipulative character and he acts like he can control anyone especially Buddy. It is ironic that Cormier gave Buddy the last name Walker to demonstrate that it was inevitable that Buddy’s father was going to walk out on them and contribute to what fuels Buddy to drink. The relationship between Buddy and Harry is subtle and hidden as they don’t share many things in common apart from the fact that they are both lost and don’t seem to fit in.Although once compared to each other after the trashing of Karen and Jane’s house Buddy shows the beginning of his development through his feeling of guilt and demonstrating that he has some part of human respect in him, Harry on the other hand doesn’t show any remorse and continues on with his life not caring about how he acts and how he always gets his way. One of Buddy’s major developing moments is when he begins to move away from the group and continues to follow his own path rather than joining in with drinking and the other plans they make.Buddy’s two major inspirations to stop his drinking are Jane and Addy, Addy finds Buddy’s bottles and hides them and will not give them back to him and states â€Å"the sins of omission† the sin of doing nothing. Buddy won Jane on the base that he would give up drinking for her, although he still drinks it isn’t as meaningful compared to the relationship he has with Jane. Harry changes dramatically as through out the novel he has a key moment at the end of the novel after Jane breaks up with Buddy.Harry calls Jane and says â€Å"I took advantage of his shitty life†¦ he is a good guy and don’t be so hard on him† this shows that Harry has began to show remorse on his actions during the trashing is on a â€Å"road to recovery†. The similarity between all of the characters and journeys in this novel is that they all want to belong. Similarly to We All Fall Down, Invictus also follows a journey of wanting to belong, reconciliation, and progression. Nelson Mandela was a prisoner for several years and on his release made President of South Africa.Eastwood used Mandela and Francois Pienaar as key protagonists to bring two divided nations within the one together. Eastwood uses character development to represent the journey of unity. Black against white. Mandela’s goal was to unite South Africa and create equality for black and white people. â€Å"he’s unlike any person I’ve ever met† Mandela is not any ordinay person, he inspired an entire group of people to fight for rights and at the end of the film this is achieved. â€Å"The Rainbow Nation starts here. Reconciliation starts here.Forgiveness starts here too. † Mandela always believed in creation the Rainbow Nation, he was motivated and was inspired. His inspiration inspired he rest of South Africa. Eastwood use s the Rugby as Mandela’s message to the world, he uses Pienaar as a way to get to his team and unify them to share his views on black and white South Africa. The key part to Mandela’s success is the fact he spent several years in prison sacrificing a significant amount of time in his life to change the nation, and change it he did. Undefeated, Unconquerable, Invictus.Mandela wasn’t defeated, he wasn’t conquered but he conquered the South African common attitude and changed it to create equality for black people. â€Å"The Rainbow Nation starts here. † Mandela inspired a nation and the world, helped Pienaar motivate his team an his country to support them trough a rough time and lead themselves to the victory and the glory of winning the World Cup and gave something to all South Africans to share, a reborn nation and the glory of success. Invictus and Folding the Sheets share the similarity of recognising unity.The unity of a nation and the unity of a world and the elements. Dobson uses unity to represent her journey â€Å"from Lapland†¦ to India†. Dobson’s message in her poem is achieving world peace and unity â€Å"You and I will fold the sheets†. He folding of the sheet represents a job that is hard to be completed by ones elf but requires several people to make it easy if they work together, which also relates to how we can work together to achieve world peace and unity between all nations rich or poor, great or weak.The use of mentioning three of the elements earlier on it the poem and stating the fourth in the end represents unity and the coming together of a balance of the earth which van also relate to the coming together of the world â€Å"Together we will match the corners†, it is not possible to achieve unity single handed, it requires a shared belief in achieving it. These three text-types all relate to journeys as they share the commonality of unity and character development.They s how how a journey can either be completed by moving away from people and showing you can stand for yourself and not be controlled by a manipulator, or if you wish to achieve unity or justice then you cant change the world or a nation by your self, you require to share a common belief that it can be done. In their own unique ways We all Fall Down, Invictus and Folding the Sheets all relate to a journey. The two texts and the film all show that we encounter heartache along the way but perseverance and motivation can help us continue no matter how hard the path ahead is.

Questionnaire Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questionnaire - Coursework Example The American population, unlike their president, is against the use of violence in resolving the ISIS situation. This standpoint is different to their previous positions on using violence to resolve the Iraqi situations, under the rule of Saddam Hussein. In the historical context, Americans were supportive of the violence during Saddam Hussein’s era (UConn Today, 2011). Since then, the American people have been against the use of violence in Iraq. In support of the public opinion, President Obama has ruled sending combat troops. However, other alternatives such as the use of airstrikes are being considered. According to the hypothesis, Americans who have supported the use of violence in addressing the Iraqi situation, in the past, are likely to support its use in the current situation. The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center are the catalyst in the decision to use violence in resolving Iraqi conflicts (Outsidethebeltway.com, 2014). Americans, who are pro-violence in the ISIS situation, seek to retaliate against all forms of terrorists. The Republican portion of the American population supports the use of military action against the ISIS establishment. The Independent and Democrats portion, on the other hand, do not favor the use of military action. The Republicans, according to a research conducted by Gallup, are â€Å"worried† about Iraq. The study found out that 52% of Republicans, 39% of Independents and 34% of Democrats are in favor of using military action in Iraq (Gallup 2014). Now the Democrats enjoy a majority in the decision-making in the U.S. For this reason, President Obama is more likely to lean towards not sending combat troops to address the ISIS situation. However, as stated earlier they have opted to use other means in preventing Islamic militants from spreading their influence to other states. The Gallup survey presents a true representation of the attitude of Americans towards foreign intervention;

Social Studies Curriculum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Studies Curriculum - Research Paper Example h the responsibility of ensuring that the curriculum emphasizes on the importance of having students who are committed to the ideas and values of democracy (Ross, 2006). Due to this, a learner should have a clear understanding of citizenship, an understanding of historical development and contemporary forms of power authority and governance. Learners are supposed to be familiar with the purposes and functions of the government; they are supposed to have clarity on the differences between democratic and non-democratic political systems. Therefore the curriculum developers should include topics that captivate the learner’s interest in public affairs and thus strengthen competencies of self governance through citizen participation experiences (Ross, 2006). This curriculum should encourage learners to be more interested in public affairs and also civic affairs hence making them to be more active members of the society rather than being passive. A student should be faced with the c hallenge of learning perspectives about local, national and international issues regarding politics (Ross, 2006). Therefore the curriculum developers are supposed to come up with a curriculum that will assess the learner too become a responsible citizen with the knowledge of the government, law and politics in order to make decisions about the relevant actions on politics (Ross,

Reflections on the First Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflections on the First Amendment - Essay Example Law in society is best understood as an endeavor – a living institution performing social tasks. The legal order is more than a system of norms or rules. It is also a set of agencies responding to social needs, pressures, and aspirations. In most human interaction, people have to accept the risk that others will not do what is expected of them. Some expectations are formally recognized and can be the basis of claims of rights. Buchanan (2010, par. 2) averred that the First Amendment â€Å"was written because at Americas inception, citizens demanded a guarantee of their basic freedoms†. As a â€Å"blueprint for personal freedom and the hallmark of an open society, the First Amendment protects freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and petition† (Buchanan, 2010, par. 3). In this regard, this essay is written to proffer at least one Supreme Court case of significance related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment. In addition, the rights and responsibilities that the Constitution provides an individual as an American citizen would be evaluated. These issues would be discussed in terms of the rationale for determining the need to discuss each case to be heard and interpreted by the Supreme Court. Finally, the essay would determine how the Supreme Court’s decision in each case continues to affect the rights of American citizens today. The First Amendment clearly and explicitly stipulated rights pertinent to speech, assembly and religion. Buchanan presented these provisions in concise and abstracted terms, as quoted to wit: â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (Buchanan, 2010, par. 1). The Rosenberger v. Rector & Visitors of the University of Virginia, U.S. (1995, 1) is an example of a Supreme Court

Syllabus Design in the Arena of English Language Learning in South Kor Essay - 2

Syllabus Design in the Arena of English Language Learning in South Korea - Essay Example This strategy would dictate that students would be taught other subjects, such as science and social studies, in English. The idea would require students to be language students of whatever content is being taught. Because I have taught ESL in Korea for 7 years, have taken a course in TESOL, and my experience in my current syllabus writing course, I could have predicted the negative reaction to the program. The content-based syllabus was met with widespread criticism and the program was quickly terminated. This outcome was predictable based on the problematic application of a content-based syllabus at the middle and high school level. Syllabus design has exposed me to the requirements of readiness in second language teaching. As a rookie teacher, the conventional wisdom taught that a good second language teacher would rely on a structural and notional-functional syllabus. A structural syllabus is a collection of forms and structures, while the notional is a collection of the functions that are performed when the language is used. In light of my recent educational experience, I no longer rely on those outdated models nor do I apply them. My daily schedule involves teaching conversational English to classes of students with varying backgrounds. The students may range from middle school level to the business professional. The classes may be all of one level or mixed, which demands a different approach to the question of the syllabus for each class. I approach my classes, and the issue of the syllabus, from the principle of theory meets reality. Beyond simply teaching the class, a key component of the syllabus is to maintain the motivation of the students. For the most basic learners, my approach is to use a mixture of a structural/notional syllabus. For the false beginners, a skill-based/ task-based syllabus is used. For my  intermediate and higher level learners a content-based syllabus is used.

India Caste System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

India Caste System - Essay Example The Viashyas were merchants, farmers, carpenters while the Shudras were the tenant farmers, laborious. Towards the edge of the hierarchy were the untouchables’. The untouchables considered outcasts practiced activities such as scavenging and animal skinning. The untouchable activities were considered unclean and polluting. They were to be far away from other castes. For instance, if their shadows were within the visibility of the Brahmans then the Brahmans would be polluted. The Hindu laws insisted on only four castes excluding the untouchables and they would face criminal charges by their polluting presence. The Brahmans were allowed to give their food to people of other castes but would not be given food from other castes. This would be considered pollution. These barriers limited interactions (Singh 35). The caste systems shared some commonalities. For instant the castes were hereditary. Individual born in a particular caste belonged to that very caste and it was impossible to shift to other castes. Another commonality was that the systems were endogamous. Marriage was only acceptable between those of the same caste (Singh 34). Below the Varnas was the sub castes referred to as Jatis. Each Jati comprised of people of the same occupation. A person born from a particular Jati is a member of that Jati by the virtue of birth (Singh 35). The elements of the castes are hierarchical, hereditary and repulsion. The hierarchical element discourages and does not accommodate the rise of status of a group and mixture of occupation. There are rule that India caste system impose that if not adhered to may result into one status being lowered form one caste system to another. The most vital characteristic is endogamy and occupation restriction. Violation of the above rules results in excommunication from the family as well as caste. Another restriction is on diet and food habits of the members. According to castes only certain foods would be

Prop13, 98 Serrano vs. Priest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Prop13, 98 Serrano vs. Priest - Essay Example Serrano vs. Priest ruling called for an equalization of the rates at which the property was taxed and the expenditure incurred per pupil. Serrano vs. Priest highlighted the pressing educational issues of its times like the impact of the class differences and racial discrimination on the fundamentality of public education (Regalia). This ruling came down heavily on the instances of tax-base disparities translating into inequities in the educational expenditures per pupil in different neighborhoods (Regalia). There is no denying the fact that pragmatically speaking, this ruling has failed to achieve its objectives. However, this decision certainly laid down the fundamental principles that were to guide the quest for educational equity in the state. Precisely speaking, it invalidated the educational inequities emanating from class and race differences and ushered in the principle of justice in the education system. Prop 13 is primarily a tax law that was voted on and passed by nearly 65 percent of the voters in California in 1978. Prop 13 reduced the tax accruals to the state by 57 percent (authorSTREAM). This directly translated into a dire shrinkage in the tax revenues accessible to the school districts. Prop 13 reverted the property assessments back to the 1976 values and capped at no more then 1 percent of the property value (authorSTREAM). It set a limit on the valuation of property to be 2 percent per year, unless a property was sold (authorSTREAM). In case a property was sold, it was to be reassessed at its value at the time when it was sold, tagged to a 2 percent tax cap (authorSTREAM). Prop 13 required all the state taxes to be ratified by a two-thirds majority in the legislature and all the local taxes by a two-thirds majority of the people (authorSTREAM). Prop 13 jeopardized the education system in California by subjecting it to neo liberalist economic values and relatively conservative social

Economic growh & environmental quality (haiti vs california) Essay

Economic growh & environmental quality (haiti vs california) - Essay Example This is because unlike California, Haiti has seen numerous political and environmental shocks that have severely hindered its growth. Nevertheless, economic growth in both California and Haiti comes with negative environmental outcomes comprising water and land pollution, greenhouse gas emissions as well as destruction of ecological landscape. Haiti economic growth largely centers on agriculture given that majority of the island is mountainous. Most of Haiti lush rainforests has been cleared for small-scale farming and charcoal burning, hence leaving only 28.3% of its land mass to be good for arable and commercial farming1. Agriculture accounts for the nation 25% of its GDP production. As a result, two thirds of Haiti labor-force still lives on small-scale subsistence farms which has resulted in economic stagnation, that has made Haiti the poorest nation in the western hemisphere. Hence, the nation has no substantial industrial or manufacturing sector, which then makes 40% of Haitian population to be unemployed even as the average income for most Haitian is less than $200 per year2. Haiti economy is largely driven by informal small-medium enterprises, which accounts for 80% of the nation new jobs. Nonetheless, the textile industry forms the second largest economic activity after arable farming. On the other hand, Californ ia has a GDP per capita income of $60,190 per year with the unemployment level standing at a much lower level of 7.4%3. Secondly, California has a diverse and highly skilled workforce working in different sectors unlike Haiti, and varies from high tech, to retail and service industry, to manufacturing, biotech, entertainment, to agriculture. Thus, before the 2007-2008 financial crises, California experienced per capita GDP growth that surpassed even the United States per-capita GDP expansion. In particular, the state share of the entire California manufacturing output grew from eight to

Diversify management team and coaching staff Assignment

Diversify management team and coaching staff - Assignment Example From this, there are increased chances of obtaining a mixed group of persons from all races and diverse cultures that helps to spur athletics in the college. In addition, the number of women should be increased abundantly to articulate women issues in the sporting sector. Through this, everyone is represented, and colleges become stronger in the sporting world. Colleges hire field Trainers in form of coaches who guide teams in major events to achieve college objectives. Nevertheless, the coaching staffs should be persons who understand the sector very well, must have performed and have enough experience to help the team to success. In addition, they should be people who are not bothered by issues of race or tribe in team selection, but ensure only talented individuals and hardworking folks are made to participate in the events. The process, however, should not discriminate in staff selections but ensure only qualified and approved coaches are given the jobs no matter the race, gender or any other cultural vice. This ensures that only committed persons are made to work thus enables colleges to benefit from their investments in athletics. Athletics is quite an important sporting event in the college and to the students. The department will be unique since our policies will be to employ only committed persons in management. This will make the unit to be stronger and eliminate any underperforming members (Lapchick, Costa, Sherrod, & Anjorin, 2012). In addition, athletes or management who supports negative behaviors such as doping in the sect will be discontinued from the system. This will make us set standard culture to the department that is beneficial to the college. As means of committing ourselves to above rules, the university stands a better chance to reduce mismanagement and improper spending and is only concerned with their target. Recruitment of more qualified staffs and

Describe How Bacteria Decode Its Genetic Information to Produce Proteins Essay Example for Free

Describe How Bacteria Decode Its Genetic Information to Produce Proteins Essay Bacteria belongs to a group of organism that lacks cell nucleus and membrane bound organells. This group of organisms are termed as prokaryotes. Prokaryotes follows the central dogma of molecular biology first proposed by Francis Crick in 1958 to synthesize proteins from mRNA through a process called translation and the mRNA is being synthesized from the DNA by another process called Transcription. Temperature, nutrient availibity are some key factors that start the process of synthesizing proteins in response to these key factors. Example. This paper will provide an explanation as to how bacteria decode the genetic information to produce proteins. Transription generates 3 kinds of RNA. Transfer RNA(tRNA) carries amino acid during protein synthesis, ribosomal RNA molecules come together to form ribosomes while mRNA bears the message for protein synthesis. In bacteria, mRNA often carries coding information of more than 1 gene therefore it is said to be polycistronic (DIAGRAM). MRNA is synthesized under the direction of DNA by RNA polymerase. This polymerase in its core enzyme form has 5 subunits. A 6th subunit called the Sigma factor helps the core enzyme to recognise and bind to the promoter regions which are often found at -35 basepair and -10 basepair(also called Pribnow box) upstream of the transcription site. Upon binding, RNA polymerase unwinds the helical DNA and this open region becomes a open complex. There is a reason as to why the -10bp site is chosen. The hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides in the Pribnow box are weak and easily broken, forming the open complex. RNA polymerase progresses along the DNA unwound DNA strand and starts to synthesize mRNA in the 5` to 3` direction. MRNA synthesized is thus complementary and anti parallel to the template DNA. Termination of transcription require a terminator. There are two kinds of terminator, rho-independent terminator which refers to a nucleotide sequence that when transcribed into RNA, forms hydrogen bonds within the single-strande RNA, this intrastrand bonds creates a hairpin-shape loop and causes RNA polymerase to stop transcribing and dissociate from the template strand. Another terminator depend on a protein called the rho factor which causes RNA polymerase to dissociate from the mRNA. Its exact mechanism remains unclear. With the mRNA synthesized by the RNA polymerase using DNA of the bacteria as template, the mRNA are translated to amino acids which are linked covalently to form a polypeptide. Translation begins when a ribosomes binds to mRNA and tRNA molecules carry the amino acid correspending to the codons dictate by the mRNA to the ribosome so that the amino acid can be added to the polypeptide chain as the ribosome moves down the mRNA strand. Translation initiated by formation of initiation complex consisting of 30s and 50 sribosomal subunits, Formyl-methionyl tRNA and the mRNA. Proteins called intitial factors are also required to form the complex. The two ribosomal subunits that come together to for, the complex are commonly refer to as the 70s ribosome. This 70s ribosome has two sites in which tRNA carrying amino acids can bind to. One is called the P site and A site. There is also an E site where tRNA are released. The initiating transfer t RNA carrying formylmethionyl binds to the P site, a tRNA that recognises the next codon ann carries the second amino acid moves in to the A site. The formylmethionie carried by the tRNA in the P site is then joined to the amino acid carried by the tRNA that just entered the A site by a peptide bonds. The ribosome then advance a distance of 1 codon. The tRNA that carries the formylmethionie is released at the E site. A tRNA carrying the next amino acid now moves in through the A site where the anti codon matches the codon of the mRNA. The ribosome shift down a distance of 1 codon, the 2 amino acid on the tRNA in the P site are transferred to the new amino acid and the 2nd tRNA is released at the E site. This cycle is repeated. Elongation is terminated by a stop codon. Stop codon do not code for any amino acid.

Threats Of The Film Industry

Threats Of The Film Industry The main threat for the film industry now-a-days is PIRACY. Where hackers sell the duplicate CDs and DVDs. Online piracy has also come into action and every illegal download cost to the film industry is huge. It is obvious that people get attracted to the internet as it is free. Online piracy is could impact the film industry losing up to $460m (275 million pounds) annually according to leading motion picture studios and distributors report. Technology is playing a key role where things became more easy and simple. A recent report estimated around 144,000 films is downloaded every day across the world. The main piracy is done with the help of camcorders in the theatres. The recent box office hit AVATAR was the most grossing film in the cinema industry as well as the most pirated film. AVATAR was downloaded 500,000 times in its first two days in theatres and almost 1 million times in first week of release. (www.torrentfreak.com ) To prevent this threat for film industry government is taking necessary steps with the FEDERATION AGAINST COPYRIGHT THEFT (FACT) . It was established in 1983. The primary purpose of FACT is to prevent the UKs film and broadcasting industry from being infringed. FACT closely works with UK police, HM Revenue Customs, UK border agency, Serious and organised crime agency and the other agencies. FACT assess, analyse and report the threats. It plays a key role in ensuring that the awareness is created among people about the growing piracy. FACT works in three key areas: Online Piracy This focuses on distribution of illegal films. Prevention of recordings in theatres Over 90% of piracy is originated from copy recorded in theatres. Hard goods piracy http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2003/oct/21/film.filmnews http://www.fact-uk.org.uk/site/about/index.htm Question 2: SWOT ANALYSIS: SWOT is a tool which is used to evaluate Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of an organisation. Strengths and Weaknesses are considered to be internal factors of the organisation and Opportunities and Threats are considered to be external factors. This method identifies internal and external factors which are favourable or unfavourable in achieving an objective. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis INTRODUCTION OF IKEA: IKEA (Ingvar Kampard Elmtard Agunnaryd) was founded in 1943 by a 17 year old Ingvar Kampard in Sweden. He grew up in a farm called Elmtaryd in a village called Agunnaryd. IKEA comprises of initials of the founders name and the place where he grew up. In 1920s Kampard started selling match boxes to his neighbours by buying them in bulk at Stockholm and reselling them at very low cost. It later expanded by selling flower seeds, Christmas tree decorations, pencils and pens. In 1940s he discovered furniture designs with self assembling concept and now IKEA is the worlds largest furniture company which is famous for its flat-pack designs at low prices. It is sells Accessories, bathroom and kitchen items. IKEA has also actively participated and has partnerships with social and environmental projects. http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/about_ikea/the_ikea_way/history/2000.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikea SWOT OF IKEA OF IKEA HELPING TO DEVELOP SUSTAINABILITY: IKEAs business strategy is based on sustainability and environmental design. To attain its goal of sustainability IKEA has launched a new business plan which combine social, economic and environmental issues. SWOT analysis will help IKEA to reach its objectives by identifying and evaluating Strengths and Weaknesses which are within the control of IKEA like production, marketing, finance, human resources areas of the organisation. Opportunities and Threats which are out of control of IKEA like social, economical, political, technological, environmental issues outside the industry. If IKEA is able to create opportunities by countering the threats and by addressing its weaknesses with the help of its strengths then it will achieve the goal of sustainability. http://www.ikea.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/DisplayPage?layout=memberOffersstoreId=7langId=-20catalogId=10103localStore=12003 http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyswot-analysis-sustainable-business-planning110-368-3.php STRENGTHS OF IKEA: Any aspect which adds value to product is considered to be a strength of the business. IKEAs Strengths are as follows, Its vision to provide better life for its customers and employees. Its promising global brand value and range worldwide. Its strong concept of providing wide range of products at low prices. IKEA has strong customer confidence level to buy IKEA products from any store. IKEA extracts chemicals and substances which are harmful to the environment and people. IKEA is completely against child labour and also keep an eye on its suppliers to avoid child labour by doing frequent visits without information. IKEA is working together with UNICEF to save the children and provide them with education and better future. IKEA has introduced an IKEA FAMILY CARD which benefits its customers with which they get discounts on the products like furniture, mobile phones and also reductions in restaurants. As a member of FAMILY CARD customers can save up to 60% on mobile phones purchase and get offers in restaurants like free Tea and coffee. This range of offers and products in IKEA makes customers visit them again and again. WEAKNESSES OF IKEA: http://www.clik2complaints.co.uk/Ori-others/ikea3.htm http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyswot-analysis-sustainable-business-planning110-368-5.php Any organisation should identify and acknowledge its weaknesses will improve the product or service of the company. This also helps the organisation to set objectives and create new strategies. IKEAs Weaknesses includes, IKEAs concept of offering low price products should be balanced with its quality. It should constantly concentrate on quality in every step of production. It should always differentiate its products from its competitors. Its global business makes it difficult to control quality and standards worldwide. It should always try to keep good relation with its stakeholders and consumers which again is a difficult task because of its size and scale. There are complaints from the customers that their orders include items which are not necessary for them. Items of wrong material, size and fabric are delivered to the customers. A poor customer services and improper staff coordination. The complaints from customers are spoil the reputation of the company. IKEA has to concentrate on improving its services by appointing right staff in right place. Orders need to be taken with all the specifications and confirmed by the customer before delivering the order. OPPORTUNITIES OF IKEA: Opportunities arise with the strengths of the company. IKEA focuses on environmental based business. IKEA educates its customers to support recycling and reusing of the products and also aims that recycled products are not used in developing a new product. IKEA wants to give its customer a sustainable life. Advantages of Opportunities of IKEA through its sustainability, The demand for greener products which do not harm the environment is growing. Demand for products with low price is growing because of the current financial conditions. Customers prefer trading in cheaper price. Being sustainable is IKEAs image which helps to keep good relationship with stakeholders, consumers and press. IKEA sources the products from countries like China, India and Pakistan which enables IKEA to offer products at competitive prices. IKEA plays a major role in supporting for charities like world wildlife fund and UNICEF. IKEAs aim to reduce energy use and carbon footprints and use more renewable energy has a growing demand. THREATS OF IKEA: For any organisation, competitors and new entrants to the market are the main threats. Threats are always external like political changes, environmental and economical. IKEA can use a particular strength and overcome the threat. There are many other companies in the same market and IKEA should try to attract the customers with special offers and reduced prices when compared to others. IKEA should make better use of technology and resources to gain economies of scale which gives them competitive edge and also enables to offer products at lower prices and puts barriers for new entrants entering the market. IKEAs biggest strength is offering products at cheaper prices which create strong customer base in tough financial times and depressed retail market. Its products are also famous in the market for its good quality among the higher budget markets. CONCLUSION: IKEAs strengths offering products at low prices, impressive designs and use of technology and resources can counteract any weakness or threat and create opportunities in the market. IKEA belief in doing good business makes it a sustainable business in creating better everyday life for its customers and employees. Question 3: IKEA TO FULFILL SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IKEA took part in several projects for development of society. Most of the projects were related to children welfare. In association with UNICEF, IKEA initiated child rights program in India. The aim of this project was to prevent child labour by addressing root causes like poverty and illiteracy. IKEA also supported UNICEF in emergency programmes like earthquake in Pakistan and 2004 Tsunami affected countries like India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Maldives. IKEA supported UNICEF in providing immediate needs like food, bowls, sleeping bags, towels and bed sheets. It also took initiative for earthquake affected children in providing quality education and safe drinking water. Nearly 10,000 earthquake-affected boys and girls between 6-11 ages were benefited with education and hygienic facilities. These are some social activities of IKEA as a global brand and have good command on social responsibilities. In addition, IKEA also actively participates in addressing environmental issues as a responsibility. It believes in creating healthy society. As part of this it encourages its customers to support them for recycling or reusing the used products. It pays attention on less usage of water and carbon footprints. IKEA can continue its partnership with UNICEF and try to help whenever needed. It can show its concern in every possible and fulfil its social responsibility http://www.unicef.org/corporate_partners/index_25092.html TASK 2: Question 1: INTRODUCTION: Charles Lazarus is the founder of ToysRUs. In 1948, he turned his dream of creating children oriented business into reality. He started a baby furniture store, Childrens bargain town in Washington. On public demand he started selling toys. The first toy that he started selling was cradle gym. Later he expanded to tricycles, books and other toys. After 10 years, Charles opened his own store in a supermarket model which helped the customers to pick products of there own choice. In 1980, he opened his second store and named it as ToysRUs which attracted parents and kids. In 1984, the company began to expand internationally. It started opening the stores in countries like Singapore and Canada. Later more than 700 stores were opened in 33 countries outside United States. The company branched out into childrens clothing business and opened the first store in Paramus, New Jersey and Brooklyn, New York named KidsRUs. Although it closed its branches in 2003, it still remained committed to app arel business and continues selling designer and private label boys and girls clothing through BabiesRUs stores. http://www2.toysrus.com/about/ourHistory.cfm

Health and safety

Health and safety 1.0 Introduction Health and Safety is a prime concern in every field. John Bartlett says that â€Å"Appreciating the general concept of the need for good health and safety is very different from understanding how the specifics apply to the dynamic of a particular workspace†, Workplace laws Safety and Health Practitioner.† Health and Safety is the prime importance to every Air Freight Services, who will seek to conduct its business in such a way as to avoid harm to its employees and all others who may be affected directly or indirectly by its activities. Every Air Freight Service have a separate department for Health and Safety and in some big Air Freight Services research on Health and Safety is done once in year to ensure that all the employees are happy from the point of Health and Safety or not even customs inspect the every Air Freight Service once or twice in a year. This project is all about the Health and Safety management system. Main aim of this research is to help the employees to work safely and avoid accidents by finding main issues of Health and Safety occurred in Air Freight Services and solutions to remove those issues. Responsibilities of management and employees toward Health and Safety in Air freight Services should also be investigated in this research. Main aim of this research is to improve the health and safety in airfreight services by improving the Management system of health and safety and as researcher working as a Ware House Operator in Scanwell Freight Services (SFS), so I choose this organisation for my research. This organisation is ready to help me in my research. As we know no one becomes perfect but at least we can try to become perfect. There is lot of issues in every air freight services and everyone wants to resolve these issues. To resolve the big issue it will require lot of investment. But at least we can resolve the small issues because small issues sometime give birth to big issues. In this research I am trying to find all the small and big issues and put forward to company directors just as recommendations. In Scanwell Freight services there are lots of small issues which are ignored and can solve very easily by just understanding and cooperating with each other. Some issues are big which require wealth of company but as the manager of company Mr Naresh Nandani gives me permission for this research to find out all the issues regarding Health and Safety in company. It will help the company to become perfect in Health and Safety. For Health and Safety everyone wants to be perfect because the safety of employee is the prime concern of every company. This research will help an Air Freight Services to improve the Health and Safety Department and responsibilities of management and employees towards Health and Safety. Every person on this earth work only to live the life happily and calmly, if person dies in accident while working then its a big shame on a company who take the work from the employees but not considered their safety while working. So this research will help Air Freight Services and employees of Air Freight Services to take care of health and safety precautions while working. This research also helps me to get the experience and also create my good image in front of managers and directors of the company. The issues which are considered in this research are small and big issues. Small issues can be removed by just understanding and cooperation but big issue requires time and wealth of company. It all depends on the management of Scanwell, how they react for these issues. Directors have the responsibility for the health and safety in every organisation. 1.1 Background of Research The Management system is based on nationally and internationally agreed principles, defined and developed to provide the necessary strength, flexibility and appropriate foundation for the development of a sustainable health and safety culture throughout the all air freight services. The practical recommendations of the procedures and arrangements with in this research can be used by all those who have a responsibility for managing Health and Safety activities in Air Freight Services. The outcome of this research can be used by Air Freight services as a practical tool to achieving continual improvement of health and safety performance. While working as a warehouse operator in S.F.S researcher found lots of small and big issues of health and safety which can be easily removed by just co-operating and understating between employees and management. Researcher wants to avoid the accidents to him and other workers thats why this research is conducted with the help of employees, management and managers permission. 1.2 Importance and Motivation of the Study Every person on this earth work only to live the life happily and calmly, if person dies by accident while working then its a big problem of a company who take the work from the employees but not considered their safety while working. Topic of research or motivation of research always comes from authors desires. As researcher already mentioned that he is working as a ware house operator in Scanwell Freight Services, so while working researcher found lots of issues regarding Health and Safety then researcher discuss some issues with my managers and operational managers as well of organisation and ask them that researcher want to do research on health and safety information for this organisation and they motivate researcher by saying a very good words â€Å"We appreciate your idea and we are with you† and by finding the issues and solutions for the issues researcher can help my workmates too. Importance of this research is that this research is not only for S.F.S every organisation can take advantage from this research because Health and Safety is a major issue in every organisation. 1.3 Objectives To identify and investigate the issues which create/ increase the risk of Health and Safety while working in Air freight Services. To find out the solutions for issues of Health and Safety comes while working in Air Freight Service. To critically analyse the factors of health and safety which reduce the risk of accidents while working? 1.4 Research Question/Hypothesis More employees and managements responsibility towards Health and Safety in Air freight services reduce the risk factor in health and safety in the organisation. Good employee training and induction programmes to reduce the risk factor of Health and safety in the organisation. Contingent planning and its managements help to reduce the risk factor of Health and Safety in the organisation 1.5 Research Questions What are the issues of risks of health and safety which come while working in air freight services? What are the factors which reduce the risk of health and safety while working in air freight services? What are recommended strategy of the identified issues which reduce the risk factors while working in air freight services? 1.6 Scope of the project Every freight services want to improve the health and safety within the organisation. As I am doing this research on Scanwell Freight Services, it will help our organisation to become perfect in Health and Safety. Scope of this research is very wide. This research will help an Air Freight Services to improve the Health and Safety Department and responsibilities of management and employees towards Health and Safety. This research also can be used by other organisations to maintain the Health and Safety in organisations. When customs investigate the organisation we can show them the new research and removed issues regarding Health and Safety. This thing also improves the organisation image in market and everyone wants to work with this organisation because of name in market and name in customs regarding Health and Safety. This research also shows the ways of improving management responsibilities regarding Health and Safety and channels of communication with employees. 1.7 The outcomes of this project are Provide the knowledge about safety while working in Air Freight Services. Get the knowledge how to improve the safety while working under pressure and deadline. Provide the information of responsibilities of employees and management towards Health and Safety. There are following techniques researcher identify from academic literature and will be able to develop research methodology for this project. 1.8 Research approach Qualitative research approach will be use for this research based upon face to face interview with close ended and open ended questions with employees and management. From literature and discussion on various traditions and approaches to good research, there are 4 strategies considered (Denzin and Lincoln, 1994; Johannessen, 1992). Theoretical Research Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Participatory Research 1.9 Research philosophy (Positivism and phenomenology) Easterby- Smith (1999) says that there are three main reasons why this whole mental exercise regarding the research philosophy you should follow in your research is important: It can help you to choose the methods that you will use. Knowledge of research philosophy will enable and assist you to evaluate different research methods and avoid inappropriate use and unnecessary work by identifying the limitation of particular approaches at an early stage of your study. It may help you to be creative and innovative by either choosing or adapting research methods that are, as yet, outside your experience. In this research positivism and phenomenology philosophy will use. Positivism promotes a more objective interpretation of reality, using hard data from surveys and experiments, while phenomenology is concerned with methods that examine people and their social behaviour (Gill and Johnson, 1997). 1.10 Research method (Qualitative and Quantitative) In this research the Qualitative and Quantitative methods will use but the main method used is qualitative. In Quantitative research data can collect from case studies, other researches, internet, pie charts, ghant charts and books etc. Means old data on the other hand qualitative method contains data collected from face to face interviews, telephonic interviews, questioners etc. Means new data (Best and Khan, 1989: 89-90). In this research qualitative approach will use because every freight services have different types of issues and all these issues occurred while working, so only employees and management can find the issues. For collection of data and to find issues of health and safety face to face interviews requires with employees and management which shows that the approach should be qualitative. Qualitative research requires time and money. 1.11 Research strategy Research strategy refers to the general approaches and goals of a research study. The selection of research strategy is usually determined by the kind of question you plan to address and kind of answer you hope to obtain- in general terms, what you hope to accomplish. Research strategy use in this research is descriptive research strategy. Descriptive strategy means intended to answer question about the current state of individual variables for a specific group of individuals (Authors Frederick J. Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano, 2008) e.g. this research is made on health and safety of Scanwell freight services and on every single field which require health and safety. 1.12 Primary and secondary data (Qualitative and Qualitative) In this research Primary and Secondary both research will be done but according to need. Firstly research starts with secondary and then primary will be done like by interviews employees and management. 1.13 Sampling Random and systematic sampling will use in this research. First employees are selected randomly from different fields and interview will be done and the identified issues put in the system according to the priority. 1.14 Data Collection Qualitative and Quantitative data both methods of data collection will use for this research like face to face interview with close ended and open ended questions with employees or other relevant respondents like managers, experts of health and safety. Direct face to face or telephonic interview will be done to collect the information from management and employees by using video phone in this way researcher will be able to identify the respondent is the right person and the same person which has been chosen as it is the ethics of research and through this researcher will be able to develop the validity and reliability of the research.. 1.15 Data recording Complete moral thought will be done. All the data will record very safely to avoid leakage. To record data Microsoft office tools will be used. Evidence of data also will be saved and Harvard reference method will be used. 1.16 Target groups For this research Scanwell Freight Service UK is taken as an example and research will be done on Scanwell Freight Service UK .Health and Safety of employees while working inside Scanwell Freight Service UK will be studied and analyzed. Main target is employees of Scanwell Freight Service UK. 1.17 Resources used for the research analysis As I am working as a Ware House Operator in Scanwell Freight Services UK, so main resource will be Scanwell Freight Services Shambu House Amberley Way, Hounslow TW4 6BH Main aim of this research is to improve the health and safety in airfreight services by improving the Management system of health and safety and as researcher working as a Ware House Operator in Scanwell Freight Services (SFS), so I choose this organisation for my research. This organisation is ready to help me in my research. 1.18 Research Limitation From my point of view there is no limitation of this research but the issues which I am considering in this research are big issues which require a wealth of the company. But to remove all the small issues of this company it requires no wealth just require the understanding and cooperation of all the employees. If company wants to remove the big issues it also require long time because I am considering some construction issues too in this research. So for construction it requires a time. These issues cannot solve by understating it requires wealth and time. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Literature review is a secondary data. For this research all the secondary data comes from internet and mentor health and safety services which contain all the safety information and responsibilities of management regarding health and safety. In freight services its compulsory for everyone who works with the organisation should know all the information about Health and Safety. This literature review considers all the safety information which is necessary to knows by everyone. Literature review is an examination of scholarly information and research based information on a specific topic. In other words its a review of whats known, not suspected or assumed, about a specific subject. Its goal is to create a complete, accurate representation of the knowledge and research based theory available on a topic. An integral part of a research process, then, is gaining an understanding what is and isnt known about the reality of a situation, event, or circumstances. One simple explanation for the need to work toward that understanding is this: if people dont know reality, then how can they develop a research study or a plan to address a problem or concern with any effectiveness? An understanding of reality is essential to avoid creating a plan that addresses fiction rather than reality. So, researchers, regardless of academic level or professional position, use appropriate quality literature to accomplish the goals. If it is applied review, it will to survey known information about a topic and help identify information that is not yet known so the best decision for action or for further examination of a situation can be made. In other words, filling a gap in the literature isnt the main goal. The main goal is to understand the missing and existing knowledge. The question or questions used sho uld guide that kind of applied knowledge acquisition. If its a simple review, the question will be more general, as will the survey of literature conducted. The question will be one that dedicates an overview of the information provided in numerous sources on the topic being considered. It will also be one that lays groundwork for future research of greater depth. In other word, it will provide insight into areas that will each be reviewable in greater depth in future research. 2.2 Literature Review 2.2.1 Management Responsibilities towards Health and Safety The main responsibility regarding safety and health is always at the highest level of system which is the Director of the organisation, but still the duty is divided into all the levels according to the needs and control. These Responsibilities also includes: The legislative body should ensure that the research on Health and Safety will be held at least 2 times in a year. This research will maintain the Health and Safety in the organisation and also employees get the chance to talk about their issues and recommendation. It also increases the faith of employees and customs that inspect the freight services regarding health and safety. The legislative body of all the workers should ensure that the system for the health and safety must and also maintained regularly according to needs of the health and safety principles. Table for the system should be prepared and always on the notice board which will help the workers to go for complaints and also helps new workers to maintains health and safety needs. Principles should be developed and communicated all over the organisation. If the system needs improvements or any changes take place it should be communicated all over the management. All the resources which requires for the daily needs for workers always available in organisation, so management have to take care of that. These resources can be safety jackets, safety gloves, safety shoes and safety signs etc. Duties of the workers should be clearly explained and make sure that no changes take place in duties unless it will discussed with the top level employees e.g. Fork lift drivers only drives fork lift no others have access to drive the fork lift without permissions from the floor managers. Training and education will be given to new appointed staff before starts work; it will reduce the chances of accident. Employee Responsibilities towards Health and Safety Employees responsibilities towards health and safety should be must because the duties are given according to experience and qualifications. They have to do their job only because work in air freight services is very dangerous, only thats why everybody have their own duties e.g. one person whose duty is only off loading the PMCS and BINS from the lorries only do the offloading because one wrong step can take the life away. Forklift connects to the Lories and rollers are picked up PMC which is appx 3 to 4 ton heavy comes with a high speed towards fork lift. If inexperienced person sitting on forklift, forklift shakes with the weight and PMC fall downs. It may give birth to a huge accident which can easily take the life away of the person who picks the roller up and forklift driver too. All the duties should be under section 7 and 8 of the health and safety at work. In Scanwell freight services all the employees have different duties there are 5 drivers, 2 forklift drivers drives only inside building for handling pallets and raking the palletized vegetables, one off loader and 2 person for breaking the PMCS and BINS and floor manager makes the tickets and keep eye on every employee to make sure that all the health and safety precautions to be taken care or not. Others are office staff. One very good thing I like in this organisation is that the director physically comes every night to make sure that no body miss use their duties. He always says precaution and safety first. Employees should have to take care of the following steps: Take responsible care of their own health and safety and that of others who may be affected by their actions. Cooperate with management to meet the employers legal duties and work in accordance with company procedures. Not intentionally or recklessly interface with or misuse anything provided in the interest of health, safety or welfare and refrain from actions (or inactivity) which might endanger themselves, or others. Demonstrate their commitment to health and safety by their behaviour and cooperate in the investigation of accidents and incidents. Use all equipments safely, including that provided for their personal protection and report to management any defects in equipments or other danger at once, or as soon as it is safe to do so. Comply with all safety instructions or procedure and not undertaken any tasks that they are not trained for. 2.2.3 Health and Safety Organisation Chart Normally the system is same in all the air freight services but some time depends upon the size of the organisation. Scanwell Freight Services flow chart for Health and Safety System 2.2.4 Assignment of Individuals For effective arrangements of health and safety the duties of folks and tasks should be very visibly identifies. For policy making director should be delegated and day to day safety issues goes to a line manager or floor manager. Management can develop polices and give recommendation for issues comes in organisation but the last decision is of the directors of the company. If the issues are urgent and small then it can be easily solve on the basis of the mangers and assistance managers. Because managers have the right to spend specific amount of money on the organisation by own. Responsibilities should be divided into two categories General Specific General Responsibilities According to rules and policies the general responsibilities goes to Director Employees Director responsibilities are as follows: Director has to give first priority to safety issues to improve the health and safety or to remove the issues comes regarding health and safety in an organisation Director has to ensure that objectives outline of system of safety and health will be clear and practical by the person who controls it. Director has to ensure that the principles and policies of health and safety should be checked regularly and changed according to conditions. Director has to ensure that the policies and principles will reach to every person attached to company and also ensure that all the safety hazards will be known by all the employees. Director has to ensure that no resources and substance should be used without having proper hazards and controls. Employees responsibilities are as follows: Main responsibility of employees is to always take care of their own safety while working and the others who working with them. Help the system of health and safety by doing their duties in proper manner and according to the procedures of the company. Rash driving of forklifts should be avoided to avoid accidents because by rash driving of forklift somebody who working in warehouse can be injured and even driver of forklift also be injured if accident occur. Behaviour should be cool, anger should be controlled. Use of alcohol and smoking should be avoided inside the warehouse, alcohol may become cause of anger and smoking inside warehouse may become cause of fire. Employees should not take the job in hand for which they are not trained. Specific Responsibilities Specific responsibilities will be given to specific persons at specific levels like Director responsibilities is to be check and sign the principles and policies of health and safety. Operational mangers have to check whether all the resources required for work available or not. Floor managers have main duties regarding health and safety because employees are working on floor in front of floor managers. All individuals have to control their responsible areas. Health and Safety responsible employee have to check and control all the safety equipments and make sure that all the standards meant for Health and Safety controlled and maintained by employees and all the employees working according to tasks assigns. Action should taken Make sure that all the workers know about their tasks and agree to their household tasks. Strengthen the memo contained in the principles and rule by different activities. 2.2.5 Sign up Assistance for Health and Safety For assistance in Health and Safety there are lots of organisations and qualified peoples, they got the certificates for Health and Safety. So every organisation hires certified peoples for Health and Safety or tie ups with organisations work for Health and Safety services. These organisations assist freight services to maintaining the health and safety in organisations. Scanwell Freight services also sign up NewWest Mentor Services for consulting to take guidance and advice regarding Health and Safety. NetWest Mentor services are designed to take care of all the laws of Health and Safety in organisation. It includes premises, tools, machines, safety equipments and most important is employees safety while working. 2.2.6 Communication of Health and Safety Policies and principles within the organisation So frequently we hear of a breakdown in communication being the cause of Health and Safety incidents, some with devastating consequences. The sad fact is that often these situations could have been easily avoided by implementing simple procedure to improve communications between working parties. An incident at West Coast Traincare in 2004 illustrates only too well the devastating effect of poor communication and the price is paid. The situation arose when employee Mr Birch was replacing the brake pads underneath a set of carriages at deport in Oxley, Wolverhampton. Two colleagues also working on the train conducting brake tests on the attached locomotive. During the course of testing, one of them released the trains breaking system causing the train to move forward. Mr Birch right hand was subsequently crushed by one of the carriage wheels, causing injuries that resulted in the amputation of all his fingers and two knuckles. HSE Investigation inspector, Steve Turmer, commented at the time,†Very simple steps could have prevented this accident. The staff was not adequately protected and there is lack of communication between the various groups†. West Coast Traincare pleaded guilty to breaching section 2(1) of Health and Safety at work etc. Act 1974 in that it did n ot ensure the safety of persons in its employment or operate under the safe system of work for staff undertaking maintenance activities. The company was fined  £13,000 with cost of  £3500. Effective Health and Safety is not a just paper exercise and companies must refrain from a ‘tick box system of compliance. General communication and awareness exercise can help to ensure that the intentions laid out in Health and Safety policy and supporting procedure are implemented and adhered to. There is no legal requirement to communication in set fashion and it is down to the employee to choose the right method according to the need. However there are a certain pointers which will improve the impact of any chosen communication method. In other words of poet William Butler Yeats,†Think like a wise man but communicate in the language of the people†. This is echoed by workplace laws Health and Safety Consultants Bill Scholes who suggests, â€Å"Understanding your audience is the key to delivering the Health and Safety message and the key to identifying the right mode of communication.† John Bartlett says that â€Å"Appreciating the general concept of the need for good health and safety is very different from understanding how the specifics apply to the dynamic of a particular workspace†, Workplace laws Safety and Health Practitioner.† Therfore in order to communicate risk management effectively its got to be made relevant and pertinent to the industry†. The laws also needs to be interpreted sensible, Chris Streatfeild of Greenstreet Breman†The key principle in communicating health and safety is proportionality. It shouldnt go over the top so that were condemning every activity as unsafe. You need to conduct a risk assessment but what u need to do as a result of that needs to be proportionate to the risk identified† Diana Wright says that†within the communication message, employees need to remind that down to them as well†. It is essential to promote individual ownership so employees avoid the ‘its not my department altitude all the commonly found within the workplace. A very similar view point is taken by John Bartlett who reminds us, â€Å"It is important to engender a feeling of responsibility when communicating Health and Safety as this empower peoples. Its not about wrapping employees in cotton wool but giving people the information and confidence to make sensible decisions about how they work†. The main types of communication are formal (including health and safety meetings, trainings and newsletters) and informal (walkabouts, one to one unofficial chats and open forums); the HSE recommends a mix of both. The size and structure of an organization, diversification of roles and geographical location of employees will all have an effect on determining the best communication.

War Theories :: The Godfather Mafia The Good Fellows Essays

War Theories â€Å"War does not justify death!† Being raised in a Catholic and Republican family, I learned there was a right and wrong times to make this kind of statement at the dinner table. I was patted on the back for not supporting the death penalty because of my faith, an example of saying the right thing at the right time. However, I was also told that the reasoning America was at war was in order to stand for freedom and support the President’s decision. Stating that war does not justify death at this time would be a very wrong idea. Thus from a young age I learned how certain circumstances can permit one to safely state that death in war is justifiable. Today as an American citizen living in the War on Terror I am faced to battle these two ideas; death not justifying death vs. death in war being completely justifiable. Through this class, I have learned one statement does not work in all circumstances. War and its causes can be evaluated through four different theor ies; political realism, democratic peace theory, revolution and war, and regime change in democracies. All four theories define circumstances that justify death and circumstances in which death is not justifiable. There are many people whose professional job is to kill, such as soldiers and assassins. The most interesting aspect of these professions are that they are chosen, and further more many soldiers operate under the religious belief set that they will go to heaven regardless if they took another human’s life. The justification for many military professionals, such as the America military, is that they follow a strict code of ethics that defines rules for engagement and conduct. These sets of rules is used under the justification that it maintains stability and preserves human life. Even though the majority of prevalent religions follow a doctrine that condones violence and murder, military professionals’ belief under these established set of rules that they must kill or be killed. Military professionals also hold the belief that they are honored service men, not murders or criminals. Murders kill in greed or for the satisfaction of taking another human’s life, l icit killing. The honored service men engage in violence and killing acting under the responsibility of defending democracy. The real killing is not justifiable is random or murder for kicks down by murders and bad guys, illicit killing.

Carson Mccullers The Member Of The Wedding: Summary :: essays research papers

Carson McCullers' The Member of the Wedding: Summary The Member of the Wedding by Carson McCullers is the story of an adolescent girl who triumphs over loneliness and gains maturity through an identity that she creates for herself in her mind. It is with this guise that twelve year old Frankie Addams begins to feel confident about herself and life. The author seems to indicate that one can feel good about oneself through positive thinking regardless of reality. The novel teaches that one's destiny is a self-fulfilled prophecy, seeing one's self in a certain light oftentimes creates an environment where one might become that which one would like to be. The world begins to look new and beautiful to Frankie when her older brother Jarvis returns from Alaska with his bride-to-be, Janice. The once clumsy Frankie, forlorn and lonely, feeling that she "was a member of nothing in the world" now decides that she is going to be "the member of the wedding." Frankie truly believes that she is going to be an integral part of her brother's new family and becomes infatuated with the idea that she will leave Georgia and live with Jarvis and Janice in Winter Hill. In her scheme to be part of this new unit, she dubs herself F. Jasmine so that she and the wedding couple will all have names beginning with the letters J and a. Her positive thinking induces a euphoria which contributes to a rejection of the old feeling that "the old Frankie had no we to claim.... Now all this was suddenly over with and changed. There was her brother and the bride, and it was as though when first she saw them something she had known inside of her: They are the we of me." Being a member of the wedding will, she feels, connect her irrevocably to her brother and his wife. Typical of many teenagers, she felt that in order to be someone she has to be a part of an intact, existing group, that is, Jarvis and Janice. The teen years are known as a time of soul-searching for a new and grown up identity. In an effort to find this identity teens seek to join a group. Frankie, too, is deperate for Jarvis and Janice's adult acceptance. Frankie is forced to spend the summer with John Henry, her six year old cousin, and Berenice Brown, her black cook. It is through her interactions with these two characters that the reader perceives Frankie's ascent from childhood. Before Jarvis and Janice arrive, Frankie is content to play with

Capital accumulation, Essay

Name two types of market failure. Explain why each may cause market outcomes to be inefficient. Externalities and Market Power. Externalaties are byproducts of a product. Exteranlities can lead to a failure because buyers and sellers do not consider the side effects, which can lead to imbalance in equilibrium based on a societal standpoint. Market Power occurs when there is a single buyer and seller (or small group of them) with the ability to control market prices. This can lead to failure because it keeps prices and quantity away from the equilibrium of supply and demand. 2. What happens to consumer and producer surplus when the sale of a good is taxed? How does the change in consumer and producer surplus compare to the tax revenue? When a product is taxed both consumer and producer surplus drop. This change in surplus is gained in tax revenue, but producers earn less and consumers get less for their value. 3. How do the elasticities of supply and demand affect the deadweight loss of a tax? Why does this effect occur? The elasticities of supply and demand affect deadweight loss in that when: supply/demand is elastic, then the deadweight loss is high. If the supply/demand is inelastic, then the deadweight loss is small. This occurs because taxes change the behavior of buyers/sellers. If tax increases price of buyers, they consume less. If tax reduces profit of producers, then they produce less. 4. What does the domestic price that prevails without international trade tell us about a nation’s comparative advantage? If the domestic price is low, then it says that county can produce that product cheaply, and has a comparative advantage. If it is high, then that country is at a disadvantage compared to other countries. What is the difference between the unilateral and multilateral approaches to achieving free trade? Give an example of each. Unilateral approach is when the country reduces trade restrictions on its own. ‘Isolandia’ removes tariffs on imports. Multilateral approach is when a country reduces it trade restrictions while other countries do the same (through bargaining) ‘Isolandia’ removes tariffs on imports if ‘Seclusia’ also removes theirs. 6. Why do economists use real GDP rather than nominal GDP to gauge economic well-being? Define the GDP deflator. Nominal GDP is GDP (goods and services produced, and their prices) calculated at current prices. Real GDP is GDP calculated at constant prices(goods ands and services produced). We use Real GDP because it reflects changes in production vice changes in prices. The GDP Deflator allows calculating only the prices of goods and services. 7. What is the CPI? Which do you think has a greater effect on the consumer price index: a 10 percent increase in the price of chicken, or a 10 percent increase in the price of caviar? Why? Consumer Price Index, is a measure of the overall cost of goods and services bought by a typical consumer. A 10% increase in chicken will have a greater affect on the CPI because more people typically by chicken than those who buy caviar. 8. Describe the three factors that make the consumer price index an imperfect measure of the cost of living. Then explain how the GDP deflator differs from the CPI. Substition Bias: Consumers substitute towards goods that cost less Introduction of new goods: A new product is introduced allowing more choices. This reduces cost of maintaining same level of economic well being. Unmeasured quality change – if a goods quality goes down, but remains at same price – then the dollar is worth less than previously. If the quality goes up, and price remains the same, then the dollar is worth more than previously. GDP deflator accounts for goods produced domestically, while CPI accounts for all goods purchased. GDP Deflator also accounts for all currently produced goods, while CPI accounts for a fixed set of goods, that may not include new goods or include goods that no longer exist. 9. List and describe the determinants of productivity. Physical Capital: Quality of tools the worker has – better quality, the more production. Human Capital: Knowledge and Skills – education, experience and training. Better training = better efficiency. Natural Resources: Resources made available for input into production. Either renewable or non-renawable. Access to resources reduces costs of importing them – but is not necessary. Technical Knowledge:Refers to societies understanding of how the world works. (Human capital refers to recources expended to transmit this understanding to its workers) 10. Explain how a higher savings rate can lead to a higher standard of living. What might deter a policymaker from trying to raise the rate of saving? Saving now and consuming less now, allows for investments and ability to consume more in the future. Diminishing returns are what might deter a policy maker raising rate of savings. At a low capital, an extra increase in capital increases production. But as you continue to invest capital, the growth of production is at a lesser amount. It continues until a point in where a large increase in capital only gives a minor increase in production.

You Decide Paper Cultural Diversity

We dont know if their culture ordain assimilate with our work environment culture. Every mavin tends to isthmus a precedent before the in the altogether legible candidate is thought of wholly if they will be male or female or white, b wishing, Hispanic, Asian or Middle Eastern. Employees tend to already, after so mevery years of working with one another, tend to formulate true cliques ground on age, race and other characteristics pull down on knowledge compass and begins.For this plaza gross revenue manager of F-fiber Optics, I indigence to make an unbiased decision on who I assemble for the right estimable reasons and not based on any of those criteria but based on merit, follow up, education and of course legality (citizenship). In recitation about all of the candidates that eave applied for the sales manager position, Id draw to say that they all had impeccable unequal bios, but to me tho two stuck out from the group. Would urinate to pick between Lynn the IT Manager and Karen the Sales voice.They two beat some knowledge in character reference Optics and its engineering and also experience in sales. I bet although Lynn would be a great candidate for the transmission line, she would have some trouble acculturating to the job because of her lack of speaking English well and nerve-wracking to assimilate to our American culture. She would have to apprehension on fast in differentiate to gain more of respective clients. Her short bio did not state if she was single or had a family, so should be attainable candidate to be able to mollify late hours to work on certain projects and to gain clients.The next potential client I would lean closely toward is Karen because of her background graduating in Fiber Optic engineering. She would unimpeachably have a lot of experience in the field and had been awarded the Sales Representative of the year award. She has valid experience in selling and captioning people to want to profane a produc t. I dont think she would have any issues in connecting with potential clients. The job calls for having to stay after 5 P. M.I dont think Karen with exactly getting married would have that time to want to spend the extra hours at work. Lynn was a math study and minored in computer analysis and just because she wrote a paper on Fiber Optics doesnt been she is an expert on it. I would in conclusion choose Karen the sales rep because she had receive in the field and I get together her possible potential to grow and check into more. She also has experience in sales. I could mold her into how want her to be and this would not only help oneself her but would help me move up the ladder.

In the Time of the Butterflies By Julia Alvaraz Essay

organizational PatternsIn the fourth dimension of the Butterflies is organized into terce part domain I, Part II, and Part III. These parts atomic number 18 followed by an epilogue critical to the apologue. each(prenominal) part of the go for consists of four chapters, each chapter is told by a diametrical narrator. The narrators argon the four Mirabal childs (aka the besidesterflies), Dede, Minerva, m be Teresa, and Patria. As each chapter changes narrators, bits and pieces of the drool be revealed as each various disposition take notes different f exertions important. Dede, Minerva, and Patria each(prenominal) ingestion a point of vieward narration, just m ars narration is cogitate by means of her day loudness she includes drawings, dates, pictures, and to a greater extent trivial and soulal puzzles of her days. m atomic number 18s chapters add just some kind function a unforesightful unique and on that pointfore contribute to the creativeness an d gratify of the fiction.NarratorDede is the calculateing de nonation as she is the but child who is not claimed by the martyrdom. The narration begins in guerilla mortal with Dede in her current cartridge holder (1994), relating the story of the butterflies by going brook in clip. Each infant consequently begins taking her debate, rotating chapters, narrating in first person. With Dede, Minerva, Patria, and maria al together taking a turn by chapter, each misss distinct personality and voice adds classification and excitement to the adjudge. The story indeed does wellspring to validate a big(a) feel of hearing who pull up stakesing near likely find some of themselves in a grumpy sister, or in the sisters combined.ThemesSacrifice The aboriginal theme of this criminal record is invite sacrificing unrivaledself for the great considerably, for otherwises, and for angiotensin-converting enzymes country. Throughout the perfect sassy the Mirabal sist ers be exemplars of this as they sacrifice of their sequence, energy, and hearts to attend to not only the ones they fuck, but the umteen strangers somewhat them who atomic number 18 suffering semi policy-making in solelyice and violence. Minerva, who extends a governmental icon and some kind of a hero beca utilize of her armed combat smell out of smell and c all to do, systematically sacrifices herself in her engagement of injustice, and expects the same of those around her. Her sisters follow her lead in sacrificing themselves with her persuasion and furor for what is dear.Political Control The concord resonates with political chains and injustice. e rattling(prenominal) mess in the friar preacher Republic in this clipping tip, the early and middle 1900s, lived in constant fear of the musical mode they spoke and the port they lived. The potentate of the ageTrujillohad planted spies and technology within hearing range of well-nigh public homes. If for any reason Trujillo was to peculiar a person or family of political dis committal the suspects would disappear, universe sent to e rattling prison house or their death.Throughout the keep back shall professess and fear be continually exhibited done the public who argon forced to adoration and praise a bloodthirsty dictator or fear for their lives. Loyalty numerous different var.s of consignment atomic number 18 intercommunicate in the book by those chip for unthawdom and those fighting for king. The Mirabal family displays fond allegiance and love as they do not allow a political placement to tear them apart. At all be they fight for one another and call forth the importance of family, homage, and forgiveness. The opposing side likewise displays a different kind of loyalty as loyalty is forced through fear. The superficial loyalty of the government stands in stark melodic phrase to the chosen loyalty of friends and family members.Identity There is a fa st grit of identity throughout the book as each Mirabal sisters personality and observe system is contactd in the different chapters. There is an obvious struggle in each sister as she must(prenominal) determine who she is, which side she is on, and what she lead stand for. Detailed and intimate involvements argon related as each girl interacts with the hoi polloi around her, and decides the kind of life she will lead.Choosing the course that is best for all and contributes to the greater unspoilt, rather than foc utilise on just the individual, is stressed. Each sister succeeds in decision a strong and go throughing individuality through the help and encouragement of each other. distress and inner battles argon something each girl deals with immensely as she struggles to choose the right course for herself, and her conscience. High contribution and forethought be placed upon each sister as they succeed in life story up to a strong sentiency of purpose and identity.Se ttingThe setting of the book takes place in the Dominican Republic. Because the book relates two different time diaphragms as Dede gives the present view and the relation of the story by going back in time, the time periods and situations do change. When Dede goes back in time the years be 1938-1960 where dictator Trujillo has control of the country. In this setting the political unrest and fear of the people ar substantially high. The Mirabals begin as a regular family who then gradually live on famous in this time period through their noncompliance with the government and positive political views.Dede in addition relates her present hazard in the year 1994 throughout the book. In this this time period the effect and fame of the Mirabals ar related as current political icons and martyrs in a now free Dominican Republic. The two different settings accomplish cause and effect. The cause of the Mirabals is related in the first setting and time period of the book, and the eff ect of their action is displayed in the secondment and current time period for Dede. intentThe tone of the book is one of action and enjoyment. As the Mirabal sisters choose a unplayful and outspoken course the book becomes very high spirited. Through more adventures, love stories, relationships, and sorrows, reader is called to a more mobile lifestyle with high expectation. While the book deals with very risky situations finally conducting in death, somehow it is withal able to contain a tone of love, loyalty, and pleasure through the optimism and energy of the sisters. A tone of stubbornness definitely comes forth, most highly exemplified through the character of Minerva.ForeshadowingAs the briny narrator Dede relates the story of the butterflies through a second person narration as a moment in storey, and because she is relating record she knows where the story will go and how it ends. This being the flake, there are umteen moments of point through flashbacks as De de remembers certain parts of the story. Following are a few examples of Dedes signal Chapter 1 -Dedes garden (year 1994) foreshadows the ending of her sisters, or the butterflies, when she trueizes she has accidentally, snipped her rate butterfly orchid (5).-A foreshadowing of the write up Dede experienced when she hears a car verge slam and jumps, Any Dominican of a certain generation would have jumped at that gunshot sound (5). -Foreshadowed is the inability to freely express oneself in the historical time period to be told, Words repeated, distorted, dustup recreated by those who might bear them a grudge, rallying crys stitched to words until they are the winding sheet the family will be buried in when their bodies are plant dumped in a ditch, their tongues cut move out for expressing too much (10). The sisters all take part in foreshadowing their future martyrdom as political unrest and their involvement proceed -Maria comments in her journal early on of her most radi cal sister Minerva, I believe my older sister will be the death of me (39)Minerva does end up swaying Maria into the underground fight that ultimately does result in her death. -After the first couple encounters with the dangerous Trujillo, Minerva writes of her family, We sit silently, listening to the rain on the thatched roof, a numb, damp, fatalistic whole step among us. Something has started none of us can stop (116). -As Dede scolds her niece (Minervas daughter) at the present time nigh being on the road at night, she thinks, If their mothers had only waited until the next morning to effort force back over that deserted bunch road, they might dummy up be liveborn to scold their own daughters about the dangers of driving at night (173). -And Minerva as she is feeling the end near, Certainly there was something envious in his granting us these privileges. But all I felt was numb, resigned, sitting in that stuffy office. Not only was there nothing in the world we could d o to save the men, there was nothing in the world we could do to save ourselves either (283). The sisters are murdered the next month. affective Issues Related to the WorkPeer pressure sensation There are ample amounts of catch pressure as these sisters face a highly energized time where every person must choose a side. Minerva is the sister that gives the most pressure to her other sisters as she works at persuading them to be strong and join her cause. The most inner conflict is seen in the character of Dede as she is rupture by what her husband believes and what Minerva believes. Both are fighting for her loyalty. Dede wants to please everyone but finds that it is an unsurmountable task. She is continually swayed back and forth as she battles her conscience about what side she should join. She feels she must be loyal to her husband and his printing to stay out of the political issues, but then she feels a call virtuously to join her sister Minerva who is fighting once once against evil. She never quite finds the solution or a single travel guidebook to follow, but ends up finding a hefty in betwixt for herself. This is the more realistic case in most peoples world, and thence brings a strong sense of humanness as Dede experiences the power of influence, and the power of inner conscience.Most secondary students are dealing with the same issues and can relate to the pressures of pleasing both ourselves and others. Right and price There are many examples of people having to choose in quick moments mingled with what is right and wrong. Minerva has an extremely strong sense of what is right and wrong and is continually fighting for fairness and truth. Patria is extremely religious and is control always by her inner devotion to God. Maria is timid but consistently chooses a earnest room, and notices in others when they coerce bad or wrong choices. Dede overly fights the same battle within to polish off choices that are right. All four girls a re extremely guided by religion and doing what is right. Their complications and inner struggles are very real and relatable as each person ultimately chooses at some point the path they will choose.There are many good examples in the book of when one deprivations to stand up for what is right. All secondary students are battling with this same thing in their lives as they make decisions that will affect their character for the rest of their lives, and as they decide whether they will stand for what is right, or for what is wrong. Self Discovery Because each sister is able to have her turn at narrating, there is a strong sense of self uncovering as very personal details of their lives are included. Each girl explains her childhood and the many paths that were to begin with them, and the reasons why they chose the paths they did. The strongest example of self discovery would lie in the character of Patria as she feels an extreme devotion to God as a young child.Because of her ex tremely large heart and faith she is sent to a religious school where she can be guided in becoming a nun if that is the path she would choose. She is extremely utilize to God and continues to be devoted as she experiences puberty and all things that come with it. real personally, but not graphically, she relates her desire to be touched as stronger than her desire to become a nun. She chooses to love a man instead of becoming a nun, gets espouse to her love, and begins having children. She remains extremely faithful religiously and never regrets the path she chooses as she discovers the things she really wants from life.Vocabulary IssuesThe book is somewhat easy to read on term of vocabulary however Spanish is consistently mixed in throughout the book. The story does take place in the Dominican Republic, where the standard language is Spanish, so lots Spanish expressions and words are utilize by the characters. Reader does not need to understand these words to understand th e refreshed by any means, however sympathy the few Spanish words would be facilitatory. It might be nice as a class to either go over the Spanish words together after each reading, or plainly have a list typed of all the Spanish apply in the book, with slope translations for students to refer to as they read. There are a few words that are used repetitively and so should be turn to in the beginning. Males are often referred to as machothe Spanish word for male. Also the butterflies are referred to as las mariposasthe Spanish word for butterflies.Background Knowledge author Julia Alvarez does a fantastic job at explaining the state of political unrest and line drawing the power of a government feast by a dictator in this historical novel. While background fellowship is not necessary because the book contains good recounting of the history in challenge with much story, background in take shapeation could still be helpful. Ones interest may be peaked upon encyclopedism of t he butterflies, the underground political system, Trujillo and his government etc and their actual role in history.Because the historical facts are so interest it could be very fun to give a reach up lesson or two statement about dictators and government in cosmopolitan and the power they have successfully gained in the past. Followed by this general outline of government, the precise time period of the book could then be searched and taught about. The characters themselves would be very interesting to study and to learn of in a more historical and brief way before the book is read. This book offers many exterior lessons as it deals with actual history, social problems, and real people. Many doors are undecided for outside lessons to understand the novel more clearly.Implications for Students of DiversityThis is a great book for students of diversity as it takes place in a different country, with darker colored people, who speak a different language. The book is an experience that the absolute majority of students in the class will be unfamiliar with. Because the majority of minorities in the United States right now are Spanish speakers, this book will be of more interest to them as the characters use Spanish throughout the book and are living in a Spanish assimilation. It is fun to read this book as a minority because these girls are heroines of a different ethnicity.It would also be helpful to have some of the Spanish public speaking students in the class contribute in translating some of the words or explaining the culture for the class if they are represented with some of the traditions. This will be a good opportunity for these students of diversity to better acquaint themselves and their background with their classmates. It will also be a good opportunity for the majority of the class to experience and learn about a history and lifestyle other than their own.Gender IssuesGender issues are addressed strongly throughout the book chiefly because the main characters in the story are women. Not only are they women, they are women experiencing the mid 1900s, they are outspoken, and they are extremely active in areas that women were not commonly active in. Minerva time and time again undermines the spot of Trujillo, not just a male but also the booster cable dictator. The father of the Mirabal girls passionately loves his daughters, but often references to wishing he had sons as they are the preferred gender. Men are shown at their worst often in the story sometimes exuding a feministic tone.Maria continually includes in her journal how she hates men, as she has reason, having seen criminal conversation committed by the men circumferent to her. Each sister is extremely free often undermining any kind of authority their husbands should have. The sisters are extremely ahead of their time when it comes to the woman interrogation, and it is referenced again and again throughout the novel. While there are hints of feminism th roughout the novel, there is also an extreme devotion of the Mirabal sisters to their father and husbands. blessing plays a key role in the relationships as it should in most relationships, and therefore does not truly exhibit negativeness towards men or these relationships. The girls are strong, but still extremely loyal and good-natured of their male counterparts.The Central Question or Enduring IssueThe central question or enduring issue of this novel would have to do with choice. Each person chooses his or her path. Each person decides their own fate according to what is inside of them, and what the outside circumstances would require. In more of a question form perhaps, when does one act? When does one stand up and evident who they are? Every person has sureness and practices it each day. The Mirabal sisters chose a higher route. They used their agency to battle the fight against evil. They chose to make something of themselves bit by bit in every little decision they make that led to the big decisions in the end. human beings everywhere settle for averageness, but a better question might be, when is mediocrity not enough? When does one use his or her agency to accomplish something greater? The battle of right and wrong is everywhere, and the Mirabal sisters chose the path for right.Research Issues/Project IdeasBecause of the historical fetidness of the novel there are many opportunities for research covers. Students could research the dictator Trujillo, the history of government in the Dominican Republic, the time period, specific characters, the accuracy of the novel in comparison to the facts, the effect of the Mirabal sisters, whether the legend lives on etc Projects might include expressions of art using the theme of butterflies, or using the different personalities of each sister, characterization in the form of art or a report on a favorite sister. new(prenominal) plectrons for papers are usable in the form of a compare and contrast ess ay between the student and a chosen character, or two characters form the novel, a creative writing paper including a new character or an expansion of the chapters on one of the sisters, a paper on a chosen theme or issue, social problems could be studied, feminism could be written about, the relationships between the men and women could be written about etc The topics go on and on in this novel. Because of its perfect blend of characterization, plot, history, and social issues the opportunities attend endlessInformational/Functional TextsWikipedia gives a good intro and brief historical explanation of the book that might be a nice intro http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_Time_of_the_Butterflies This site gives a brief introduction to the government, history, and culture of the Dominican Republic to familiarize with the students http//www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107475.html This is a good picture of a map to help students see where the Dominican Republic is situated and how close it is to the United States http//www.islandbrides.com/maps/loc_dominican_republic.gif This site gives a wonderful introduction to In the Time of the Butterflies historically, followed by facts about Trujillos crashing(a) reign. The facts are both graphic and nerve opening as the destruction one man caused is related. This makes the Mirabal sisters even more admirable as the ruthlessness of Trujillo is accessed here http//gbs.glenbrook.k12.il.us/Academics/gbseng2/ButterfliesAlvarez/trujillobutterflies.htm This is a wonderful site that contains pictures of the Mirabal sisters, explains their lives, and their martyrdoms. There is also a picture of their murderer availableTrujillo. There is an English and Spanish option to read and learn more about the lives of the heroines http//www.learntoquestion.com/seevak/groups/2000/sites/mirabal/mainpage.html